13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing Transport layer and Application Layer Slide 1

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Addressing and Protocols DNS, FTP,TFTP, SNMP, HTTP SCTP, TCP, UDP ICMP, IGMP, ARP, RARP Port Address Logical Address Physical Address Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Physical and Data Link Layers

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Transport Layer DNS, FTP,TFTP, SNMP, HTTP SCTP, TCP, UDP ICMP, IGMP, ARP, RARP Port Address Logical Address Physical Address Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Physical and Data Link Layers

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Transport Layer F Starts and stops the connection of the transmission. –At the transmitter, it is responsible for chopping the stream of data into transportable datagrams, numbering them and then sending them one by one. –At the receiver, it is responsible for waiting until all datagrams have arrived, checking for errors and then processing as a stream. F Provides connection mechanism between two or more running application programs. –Transmission control protocol (TCP) with flow control –User datagram protocol (UDP) with no flow control

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Transport Layer Domain of Transport Protocol

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 IP address versus Port address

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Socket Address

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) F Simple protocol and limited overhead as compared to IP packet. F No additional services added into the IP packet, apart from starting and stopping the connection. F Connectionless and “unreliable” transport protocol. F Independent datagram - not numbered F Suitable for simple request-response communication (Refer to the port number table for more info)

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 UDP Port addresses

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 TCP – Handling many connections The addition of connect instance id codes makes multiple simultaneous connections possible.

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) F Connection-oriented protocol and reliable transport protocol. F Create a virtual connection between two application programs to send data. F Virtual connection – connected as in the transport layer

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 TCP Ports

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Application Layer DNS, FTP,TFTP, SNMP, HTTP SCTP, TCP, UDP ICMP, IGMP, ARP, RARP Port Address Logical Address Physical Address Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Physical and Data Link Layers

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Domain Name System (DNS) F Each terminal in network has an unique IP address and a name (name space). F A name space maps IP address to a unique name in either flat or hierarchical method. F DNS is used for designing hierarchical name space –Example of hierarchical name space: gawains.staffs.ac.uk, blackboard.staffs.ac.ukwww.staffs.ac.uk F Maximum of 128 levels with maximum 63 characters in each node of the tree.

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 DNS

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Domains

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Domain Name and Label

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 DNS Server F Stores domain name space information within its domain/sub-domain.

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 File Transfer Protocol F Standard protocol for copying a file from one host to another. F It standardises the data format and structure. F Uses two TCP connections –Port 21 for control connection –Port 20 for data connection F Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is used in simple and quickly copy file protocol that uses the UDP services.

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 FTP

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 FTP Mechanism

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) F A framework for managing devices in network using TCP/IP protocol suite. –Manager – SNMP client program installed in the server –Agent – SNMP server program installed in the router or host F The SNMP client program can perform actions for monitoring and maintaining the performance of the network. F uses UDP services at port 161 and 162 for agent and manager respectively.

13/09/2015 Michael Chai; Behrouz Forouzan Staffordshire University School of Computing IADCN - Week 5 Slide 25 Conclusion F We have discussed the major protocols in transport and application layers of TCP/IP protocol suite. F TCP and UDP are used for the connection mechanism between two or more running application programs. F The application layer components such as DNS, FTP, TFTP and SNMP are the major components for networking programming. F Other components discussed in the previous week were Javascript, ASP script and Applet.