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Chapter Menu Introduction Section 1: Section 1: The Economy Section 2: Section 2: People and Their Environment Summary

Chapter Intro 1 Geography and the environment play an important role in how a society is shaped over time. The physical geography of the United States and Canada has shaped economic activities, which in turn have impacted the region’s environment.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: The Economy How have the economies of the United States and Canada grown and changed according to where and how people live?

Chapter Intro 3 Section 2: People and Their Environment How have human actions modified the environment in the United States and Canada?

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-GTR The Economy How have the economies of the United States and Canada grown and changed according to where and how people live?

Section 1-GTR market economy The Economy arable monopoly global economy trade deficit tariff trade surplus outsourcing postindustrial central business districtcentral business district retooling commodity

Section 1-GTR decline The Economy domestic monitoring

Section 1-GTR A.Silicon Valley The Economy B.Manufacturing Belt C.Wheat Belt D.Corn Belt E.Ohio River F.Trans-Canada Highway

A.A B.B C.C Section 1 The United States and Canada operate under what type of economy? A. Command economy B. Market economy C. Traditional economy The Economy

Section 1 The United States and Canada have market economies based on growing service and high-tech industries, as well as on manufacturing and agriculture. Economic Activities Both the U.S. and Canada are developing post- industrial economies.

The largest area of economic growth in both places is in service industries: Section 1 Manufacturing accounts for about 20% of both the U.S. and Canadian economies. Economic Activities (cont.) –Government –Education –Health care –Banking The Changing U.S. Workplace

Section 1 Economic Activities (cont.) Farming in the U.S. and Canada is overwhelmingly commercial, with agricultural commodities produced for sale. The number of farmers has decreased due to: –The high cost of farming –Unpredictable consumer demand –The risk of natural disasters –The time and hard work needed to run a farm

Section 1 Economic Activities (cont.) Key products: –Cattle –Wheat –Corn

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 A significant amount of the region’s manufacturing activities include which type of products? A.Transportation equipment and machinery B.Computers and other technological devices C.Building materials D.Tools and hardware

Section 1 People in the United States and Canada depend on reliable and continually improving transportation and communications systems. Transportation and Communications Reliable transportation and communication systems are essential due to: –The large land area of both countries –Their population distribution –Their need to move goods and services

Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) The automobile has been the most popular means of personal transportation since WWII. Problems due to the automobile: –Air pollution –Traffic congestion The U.S. Interstate Highway System

Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) –Air travel –Railroads –Ships/barges (inland waterways) –Trucks –Pipelines (gas and oil) Other means of transportation:

Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) –Cellular and digital services –Television –Radio –Newspapers and magazines Communication networks:

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Which type of transportation is used to move the most goods? A.Railroads B.Ships/barges C.Trucks D.Airplanes

Section 1 The United States and Canada are connected to other countries through trade and in facing the challenges of global terrorism and building a more peaceful world. Trade and Interdependence The U.S. spends more on imports than it earns from exports, resulting in a trade deficit. However, Canada enjoys a trade surplus.

Section 1 Trade and Interdependence (cont.) In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement was signed (NAFTA), including the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. After September 11, 2001, the U.S. and Canada created the Smart Border action plan to enhance border security. U.S.- Canadian Interdependence

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Why does Canada have a trade surplus instead of deficit? A.Better government management B.Less tariffs C.Smaller population D.Outsourcing

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Section 2-GTR People and Their Environment How have human actions modified the environment in the United States and Canada?

Section 2-GTR clear-cutting People and Their Environment smog eutrophication conversion overfishing acid rain cooperative

Section 2-GTR A.New Orleans People and Their Environment B.Rio Grande C.Alaska

A.A B.B C.C Section 2 Large parts of eastern Canada still suffer from the effects of what brought on by the United States? A.Smog B.Acid rain C.Eutrophication People and Their Environment

Section 2 People in the United States and Canada are evaluating the negative effects of human activity on the environment and realizing the importance of managing natural resources wisely. Managing Resources Ways that the natural resources of the U.S. and Canada have been mismanaged: –Clear-cutting –Overfishing

Section 2 Managing Resources (cont.) –Hunting and driving away wildlife –The introduction of non-native plant and animal species to certain areas –Destruction of wetlands

A.A B.B C.C Section 2 What environmental issue are you most concerned about? A.Polluted air B.Polluted water C.Polluted land

Section 2 Human-made pollution has damaged the region’s environment in various ways, leading people to actively seek solutions to the problem. Human Impact Human-made pollution: –Acid rain –Smog –Sewage and industrial/agricultural wastes leaking into water

Section 2 Human Impact (cont.) Reversing the effects of pollution: –The U.S. and Canada signed the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement –The U.S. passed the Clean Water Act Energy Benefits and Drawbacks

A.A B.B C.C Section 2 Are there any ways that your community tries to reduce pollution? A.City ordinances or fines B.Alternative energies encouraged C.Construction of green homes or businesses

Section 2 Responding to global warming and developing clean, efficient, renewable energy sources are challenges for the future of the region. Future Challenges The effects of global warming can be seen in the Arctic regions of Alaska and Canada. The U.S. and Canada are working to diversify energy sources to lessen the dependency on fossil fuels.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which of the following factors do you think is most important when deciding on alternative energy sources? A.Dependability B.Efficiency C.Cost D.Availability

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VS 1 Changing Economies

VS 2 Environmental Crisis? The United States and Canada have mismanaged resources in the past. Pollutants were released into the air that have since caused acid rain, smog, and water pollution. New technologies, alternative energy sources, and stricter environmental standards are some of the ways the United States and Canada are repairing the environment.

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DFS Trans 1

DFS Trans 2 sulfur dioxide gas and water vapor

Vocab1 market economy an economic system based on free enterprise, in which businesses are privately owned, and production and prices are determined by supply and demand

Vocab2 postindustrial an economy with less emphasis on heavy industry and manufacturing and more emphasis on services and technology

Vocab3 central business district the traditional business and commercial center of a city or town, sometimes referred to as downtown

Vocab4 retooling converting old factories for use in new industries

Vocab5 commodity goods produced for sale

Vocab6 arable suitable for growing crops

Vocab7 monopoly total control of a type of industry by one person or one company

Vocab8 global economy the merging of resource management systems in which countries are interconnected and dependent on one another for goods and services

Vocab9 trade deficits spending more money on imports than earning from exports

Vocab10 tariff a tax on imports or exports

Vocab11 trade surplus earning more money from export sales than spending for imports

Vocab12 outsourcing the practice of subcontracting manufacturing work to outside companies, especially foreign or nonunion companies

Vocab13 clear-cutting the removal of all trees in a stand of timber

Vocab14 overfishing harvesting fish to the extent that certain species are depleted and the fishing area made less valuable

Vocab15 acid rain precipitation carrying large amounts of dissolved acids which damages buildings, forests, and crops, and kills wildlife

Vocab16 smog haze caused by the interaction of ultraviolet solar radiation with chemical fumes from automobile exhausts and other pollution sources

Vocab17 eutrophication process by which a body of water becomes too rich in dissolved nutrients, leading to plant growth that depletes oxygen

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