1. Balance of proliferation & apoptosis

2. Regeneration, scar formation & ECM

3. Stages of cell cycle

4. Regulation of cell cycle (cyclins & CDKs)

5. Growth factors (ligands) bind to receptors & change intracellular processes

6. Growth factors (patterns of secretion)

7. Growth factor reservoir – ECM

8. ECM constituents

9. Angiogenesis (revascularization)

10. Granulation tissue – central to tissue repair

11. Cutaneous wound healing

12. Summary of processes of tissue repair

13. Metaplasia

14. Metaplasia & dysplasia

15. Cancer – major health threat

16. Tumor features – (a) benign, (b) malignant

17. Tumor properties

18. Pleiomorphism & anaplasia in a tumor

19. Tumor invasiveness - chemotactic

20. Malignancy – diffuse, invasive

21. Mechanism of metastasis

22. Establishment of secondary tumor

23. Propagation of secondary tumors

24. Relationship of secondary to primary site

25. Compression or obstruction by tumor

26. Adhesion due to tumor growth

27. Effects of tumor growth in marrow I

28. Effects of tumor growth in marrow II

29. Carcinogenic transformation

30. Oncogenesis

31. Defective genetic control of DNA damage

32. Multiple steps in carcinogenesis

33. Diversity of cells in tumor

34. Initiation step must precede promotion steps

35. Agents of initiation/promotion

36. Pap smear

37. TNM staging: (a) T 1 N 0 M 0 (b) T 2 N 1 M 0 (c) T 3 N 2 M 1

38. Chemotherapy

39. Immunotherapy I

40. Immunotherapy II