Implementing Social Protection Programmes and Building an Integrated SP System in Tanzania – Water Sector Presented by the Ministry of Water Dar es Salaam, December 2014

1.0 Overview The Ministry of Water is responsible for ensuring universal accessibility to adequate, affordable, and sustainable clean and safe water supply and sanitation services for rural and urban population is achieved. The universal accessibility will play crucial role in poverty alleviation through improved social and economic well being of the communities.

The Ministry of Water is implementing NAWAPO ( of 2002), WSDS (2006 – 2015) and currently, WSDP II (2014 – 2019). Water service coverage by November 2014  Rural 52%; target is 80% by 2019 and 90% by 2025  Urban 86%; target is 98% by 2019 and 100% by 2025  District Towns and Small Towns is 53%; target is 65% by 2019.

2.0Equity issues in the sector Water Supply:  Coverage of improved water supply varies between regions  Nearly 1/3 (30%) of the poorest quintile rely on untreated surface water, compared to 1% of the richest.  Poor people pay more for water and sanitation services than the rich.

Sanitation:  The poorest have far less access to improved sanitation than the richest, both in urban and rural areas  One third of the poorest quintile practice Open Defecation as compared to none for the richest School WASH:  Schools without sanitation facilities suitable or accessible by children with disabilities is 96%  Girls latrines without door shutters is 52%

4.0 Identifying the Vulnerable Basic principles The National Water Policy, 2002 stipulates that:-  Access to clean and safe water is a basic need and right for all human beings.  Water service delivery system must ensure efficient and equitable supply and use of water, and that.

Methods: Methods used to identify the vulnerables and disadvantaged include :-  Data from nation-wide Household Surveys and Census  Sector specific surveys such as on HIV/AIDS, Gender, Poverty, etc.  Water Point Mapping (WPM) – identification of those without access to water services.

5.0 Reaching the Vulnerable The National Water Policy, 2002 has shown the way the disadvantaged groups are to be treated as follows:-  In slums (in urban and peri-urban areas), use of public taps/kiosks with subsidized tariffs and other mechanisms such as coupons to get free water have been instituted.

 The use of Life Line Tariffs in towns where customers consuming water less than 5m3 monthly pay only operators costs.  Communities ensures equitable water and sanitation service provision to economically disadvantaged groups within their communities.  Village governments establish systems of identifying the poor and marginalized and provide them with water for free.

6.0 Planning and Financing the Disadvantaged The cost of free water provided to poor and disadvantaged are met by the Water Entities themselves through agreed cross-subsidy mechanisms. The disadvantaged are exemption from contributing to capital investment. Institute flexible management arrangements to accommodate poor and vulnerable groups for example, extended hours of kiosk service and water bills payment in poor urban areas.

7.0 Monitoring and Evaluation The Ministry conducts regular M & E of programmes implementation, usually quarterly. Open Government Partnership: Water and sanitation data is accessible by the public, and this facilitates advocacy for the vulnerable. Sector dialogue mechanism such as Joint Annual Sector Reviews (JASR), Joint Supervision Missions and Water Sector Working Group (WSWG) provides an opportunity to raise voices by/for the poor and vulnerable groups.

8.0 Challenges Identification of the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups is a complex task. Investing and sustaining services for vulnerable and hard-to-reach groups imply increased costs and management burden. Lack of specific plans which prioritise the hard-to-reach populations and those living in water scarce areas In the target driven water sector, working with the poor and vulnerable populations implies longer project time frames.

How to deal with the Challenges Conduct systematic researches or work with other programmes such as TASAF in identification and monitoring of vulnerable groups. Increase awareness of sector stakeholders on vulnerability. Integrate vulnerability in sector planning, implementation and monitoring processes. Set up pro-poor and gender sensitive sector strategies at all levels and indicate how they will support the disadvantaged groups.

Climate Change Negative impact of climate change on the nation’s water resources base severely affect the poor and disadvantaged. The impacts are result of:- Reduced recharge of water in the catchments Drying rivers, catchment areas and wetlands or excessive floods in many parts of the country. Transformation of arable land into desert. To mitigate these impacts, Tanzania is currently preparing a National Strategy for Sustainable Water Resources Development and Management.

MoW Initiatives on HIV/AIDS MoW has embarked on reducing HIV/AIDS infections to Ministry staff by:  Conducting HIV/AIDS awareness workshops.  Conducting voluntary counseling and HIV/AIDS testing.  Encouraging staff to declare their HIV/AIDS status and support them in terms of transport, nutritional diet and light duties.

Challenges on HIV/AIDS Most of the Ministry staff seem not to be ready for voluntary testing. Sensitization has not reached MoW outpost offices. Water Sector for a long time has planned to prepare HIV/AIDS strategy. However, the work has not been done (financial constraints). To-date no HIV/AIDS situation analysis conducted (financial constraints)

Strategies on HIV/AIDS The strategies being implemented by the Ministry include:- To conduct HIV/AIDS Situation Analysis. Develop HIV/AIDS Programme. Continue with preventive interventions. Continue with care and provision of supportive services to Staff Living With HIV/AIDS.

Initiatives on Gender Women and girls have central role in household water and sanitation management, and therefore should be involved fully in decision making In Water Committees of Water User Associations at least one third of the members should be women. WASH in schools directly addresses, especially girl child’s rights to health and education. At the national level, MOW’s Management - gender status is 50 by 50.

Challenges on Gender Insufficient gender disaggregated data On the side of DPs there is no common system of support (fragmented support) Deep rooted traditions and cultural practices that constrain women participation Strategies The Ministry is now engaged in preparing a “Water Sector Gender Strategy” To Improve gender responsiveness of sector strategies and M&E framework.

9.0 Lessons and the Way Forward There is need to develop a Sector Strategy that will adequately address concerns of vulnerable groups. Water sector to develop linkages with on- going programmes that address social protection. Prioritization of actions in WSDP-II and District Water and Sanitation Plans to be guided by data analysis such as Water Point Mapping (WPM) to identify, support, target and monitor vulnerable groups.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION AHSANTENI KWA USIKIVU WENU