INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Collaborative Conceptual Design of a U.A.V Initial Concept Proposed by Virginia Tech and Loughborough University to meet requirements stipulated by NAVAIR

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Background Annual collaboration project – Virginia Tech – Loughborough University August 2007 – May 2008 Specified by NAVAIR

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Team Members Virginia Tech Robert Briggs Philip Pesce Amanda Chou Anthony Ricciardi Jessica McNeilus Erik Sunday Megan Prince Ricky Duelley Belle Bredehoft Michael Sherman Alex Kovacic Dennis Preus Loughborough University Daniel Marshall Daniel Jones Kris Hanna Rob Noble Craig Dillon Peter Christie Rob Penn Steve Bennett Andrew Courtneidge Balraj Chand Ben Hanson Alex Humphrey

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Brief To design, build and test an unmanned surveillance vehicle, that can perform the following: – Cruise speed of 50 kt (knots) – Top Speed of 70 kt – Range of 15 nm (nautical miles) – Minimum endurance of eight hours – Service ceiling of 10,000 ft at half fuel – Normal operational altitude of 3000 ft or 2000 ft above ground level (AGL) – Minimum turn rate of 6 degrees per second – Climb rate of at least 200 ft/min at sea level – Maximum Gross Take-Off Weight (MGTOW) of 300 lbs – Minimum payload of 30 lbs (45 lbs desired) – Payload power source of 10 watts – Noise levels below 50 dBA at 200 ft. – All weather operation with a 10 kt crosswind landing capability – Capable of rail catapult pneumatic launch – Landing within a 50 ft x 250 ft parking lot – Less than one flight failure per 100,000 hours of flight – GPS based autonomous operations – Dynamic re-tasking from ground controllers

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Competitors Outrider 385lbs (175kg) Pioneer 450lbs (204kg) Shadow 375lbs (170kg)Watchkeeper 430lbs (195kg)

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Methodology Virginia Tech – Broke into two groups and developed two separate concepts. Loughborough University – Developed two concepts as a group. Met, and decided on a concept as a whole.

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Concepts Twin BoomConventional H-tail Pylon Mounted Prop

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Concepts Interchangeable Parts – Standard Wing – Tails – Wing Location – Auxiliary Power

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Concepts Critical Points – Complexity of Design – Noise – C of G – Safety – Engine Type (Pusher vs. Puller) – Engine Placement Thrust Line – Launch & Landing – Propeller Protection – Weight

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Downselection List Advantages & Disadvantages – Eliminated Twin Tail Boom Discussed in Smaller Groups – Chose Pylon – Suggested Modifications

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Downselection Due to: – Noise – Prop Protection – Diversity of Options – Cooling – Maintenance Modifications – Wing Placement – Tractor vs. Pusher – Conventional Tail

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Final Concept Assembled by Parts – Fuselage & Pylon – Wing Location – Tail & Empennage – Engine Orientation – Undercarriage

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Final Concept

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM General Arrangement

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Key Features Good access for maintenance Large internal fuselage volume Proven Design High aspect ratio wing Modular assembly Simple structure for design and manufacture

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Reliability Addressed as a key issue. - 1 or less uncontrolled crashes per 100,000 hours Methods to determine Reliability - FMEA/FMECA & FTA Fussell-Vessely – prioritises importance of sub-systems

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Timeline

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Work Breakdown TaskTeam Member(s) Structures/ManufacturingRob Penn, Ricky Duelley PropulsionDaniel Jones, Dennis Preus ReliabilityErik Sunday, Balraj Chand AerodynamicsAnthony Ricciardi, Ben Hanson PerformanceSteve Bennett, Megan Prince Stability/ ControlAndy Courtneidge, Peter Christie, Phil Pesce CADAlex Kovacic, Alex Humphrey, Michael Sherman Systems IntegrationBelle Bredehoft, Rob Noble CostsJessica McNeilus, Kris Hanna Ground SupportCraig Dillon, Robert Briggs Leadership/PlanningDaniel Marshall, Amanda Chou

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN TEAM Questions?