Hannibal: Life after the Second Punic War

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Presentation transcript:

Hannibal: Life after the Second Punic War Presented by Angelo Tamayo

The End of the Second Punic War Hannibal blamed for the consequences of the Second Punic War: Heavy war repayments Surrender of all territory except the city of Carthage Surrender of war fleet and elephants Carthage unable to wage war without the consent of Rome

Hannibal the Politician Allowed to stay in Carthage Elected a suffete in 197 Fixed up the economy Attempted to abolish Carthaginian oligarchy and attempted to introduce democratic reforms Accused of conspiring with King Antiochus III of Syria against Rome and went into voluntary exile

Exiled Fled to Antiochus III at Ephesus to organise an invasion of Italy Granted a minor naval command Lost to Rhodes in naval combat at Magnesia in 189 Fled to Armenia, then Crete

His Death Then to King Prusias at Bithynia Granted admiralship of the navy and helped to defeat King Eumenes of Pergamum’s fleet in 184 Rome demands the arrest of Hannibal Hannibal poisoned himself in his home at Libyssa at about 183

The Destruction of Carthage (149-146BC) After Hannibal’s exile in 196, Carthage focused on reviving its commerce Rome was already scared of a reincarnation or the likes of Hannibal Numidians were taking advantage of the weakened state Carthage and “hit and running” Rome rejected Carthage’s pleas for help

Cato the Elder A military tribune in the Punic Wars Went to Carthage to investigate these frontier violations Returned to Rome even more alarmed at the apparent wealth of the city “Carthago delenda est”

The Consequences Finally Carthage retaliated and suffered a loss This gave Rome a valid reason to intervene Carthage attempted to appease Rome Surrendered some hostages Surrender of engines and arms of war The Romans then told them to abandon their city and settle somewhere at least 10 miles from the seacoast. Carthage refused

The Sacking of Carthage Believed that Carthage couldn't be defeated without a Scipio in command Makeshift weapons Held the city for three years against Scipio Aemilianus Tens of thousands of people sold into slavery The city apparently burned for 17 days The site was declared accursed Fields sowed with salt so that nothing could grow there

The Primary Sources No Carthaginian records of Hannibal’s life, only Roman and Greek Polybius enslaved by the Romans Titus Livius (Livy) was a Roman by birth Records only pertain to his public life Livy Polybius

Polybius Livy Fond of money to a smaller degree than publicised Loved by his men and yet inhumanly cruel Could unite diverse forces under one authority and command Lay on the hard ground with his men and dressed alike them Cruelty was a necessity First to enter battle and last to leave it Brave and daring No toil could exhaust his body or overcome his spirit A true leader: working and fighting with his men Liar with no sanctity nor fear of the gods

Brave, confident, temperate, patient, praised for sobriety Hannibal… Released prisoners (even if for political reasons) Treated the bodies of the fallen respectfully Gave Paullus (one of the generals in Cannae) a dignified funeral Brave, confident, temperate, patient, praised for sobriety Described as treacherous

Impact Almost singularly brought Rome to the brink of destruction Estimated 400 towns destroyed and over 500,000 Romans killed Instigated fear in the Romans for centuries to come He is belittled by the Romans in later centuries and merely seen as an “enemy of Rome” Influenced great modern military commanders such as Napoleon Is debated by many to be the greatest generals of all time

Bibliography http://www.answers.com/topic/hannibal-barca http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-hannibal.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-corinth146.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-punic3.html http://acaciatrilogy.blogspot.com/2005/01/misunderstanding-hannibal.html http://www.unrv.com/empire/third-punic-war.php http://wildfiregames.com/wordpress/the-game/history- articles/biographies/biographies-carthaginian/hannibal-barca/ The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 15 (1989 Edition). Published by World Book, Inc. pp906-7 The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 9 (1989 Edition). Published by World Book, Inc. pp55-6 The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia Ready Reference, Volume 5 (15th Edition). Published by Encyclopeaedia Britannica, Inc. pp5-29 Hannibal - Rome's Worst Nightmare (2006) Excel HSC Ancient History Book 2 Chapter 5 Boak and Sinnigen A History of Rome to AD. 565 Chapter 8, 9, 10