THE ELEMENTS OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR: THEORY TREATMENT RESEARCH

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Presentation transcript:

THE ELEMENTS OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR: THEORY TREATMENT RESEARCH CHAPTER 2 THE ELEMENTS OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR: THEORY TREATMENT RESEARCH

THE ROLE OF THEORY IN ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY SIX THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES INFLUENTIAL TODAY Biological Psychodynamic Behavioral Cognitive Humanistic-Existential Community-Cultural

THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE GENETIC FACTORS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THE BRAIN THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION NEUROPHARMACOLOGY PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY INTEGRATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

GENETIC FACTORS Chromosomal anomalies Genes Karotype The Human Genome Project DNA and penetrance Heritability Penetrance Behavior Genetics Pedigree Studies

THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

BEHAVIOR GENETICS

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE NEURON

THE BRAIN

THE BRAIN

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Brain Spinal cord PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Somatic System Autonomic System THE NEURON Axons Dendrites Neurotransmitters

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION Neuroanatomy Neuropathology Neurochemistry Neuropharmacology Neuropsychology

BRAIN IMAGING COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY (CT) MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (MRS) SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT) POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PT)

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PT SCAN)

THE PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE – SIGMUND FREUD THEORY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS THEORY OF PERSONALITY STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THE PSYCHIC APPARATUS ANXIETY DEFENSE MECHANISMS

FREUD’S MODEL OF THE MIND

THE PSYCHIC APPRATUS ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

HOW PSYCHOANALYSIS WORKS

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

DEFENSE MECHANISMS (continued)

RECENT APPROACHES TO PSYCHOANALYSIS Carl Jung Alfred Adler Erik Erikson Ego Psychology Object Relations Self-psychology

THE BEHAVAIORAL PERSPECTIVE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response Conditioned stimulus-conditioned response OPERANT CONDITINING Positive & negative reinforcers Punishment Schedules of reinforcement SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES Modeling & role playing

SOME MECHANISMS OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE

THE COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE MALADAPTIVE THOUGHTS ARE THE CAUSE OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AARON BECK The goal of therapy is to help clients restructure their thinking. Albert Ellis Rational-emotive therapy helps clients question irrational beliefs and modify unrealistic thoughts.

FOUR QUESTIONS ASKED IN COGNITIVE THERAPY

THE HUMANISTIC-EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVE THE HUMANISTIC VIEW People are striving toward self-actualization. Carol Rogers THE EXISTENTIAL VIEW Emphasis on self-determination, choice, and individual responsibility. Viktor Frankl

THE COMMUNITY-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Belief that maladaptive behavior results from inability to cope effectively with stress. Focus on attempts to reduce maladaptive behaviors through preventive measures. Causation theory Social selection theory Social roles Labeling

AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH Each perspective is valuable to understanding maladaptive behavior. Different perspectives are more appropriate under differing conditions. Environmental and individual factors often interact to produce maladaptive behavior.