Becoming a Teacher Ninth Edition Forrest W. Parkay Chapter 4 Philosophical Foundations of U.S. Education ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Focus Questions Why is philosophy important to teachers? What is the nature of philosophy? What determines your educational philosophy? What are the branches of philosophy? What are five modern philosophical orientations to teaching? What psychological orientations have influenced teaching philosophies? How can you develop your educational philosophy Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Why is philosophy important to teachers? Understanding of philosophy will enhance professionalism Use as a guide for Professional Action Focuses efforts Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

What is the nature of philosophy? identifying the basic truths about being, knowledge, and conduct Love of Wisdom Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

What determines your educational philosophy? Beliefs about Teaching and Learning Transmission of Knowledge Construction of Knowledge Beliefs about Students Beliefs about Knowledge Beliefs about What is worth knowing Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

What Are the Branches of Philosophy? Metaphysics explaining the nature of reality Epistemology explaining knowledge Knowing based on: Authority Divine Revelation Empiricism Reason and Logic Intuition Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

What Are the Branches of Philosophy? Axiology Explaining values Ethics Explaining morals Aesthetics Explaining values or art and beauty Logic Explaining reasoning Deductive Inductive Socratic questioning Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

What are the five modern philosophical orientations to teaching? Perennialism Knowledge of unchanging principles or great ideas Essentialism Knowledge of core subjects Progressivism Knowledge from student’s interest Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

What are the five modern philosophical orientations to teaching? Existentialism Knowledge of what is important to the student Postmodern--Knowledge that challenges historically constructed views of reality Social Reconstructionism Knowledge about changing the social order Critical Pedagogy – focus on how education can promote social justice Feminist Pedagogy – focus on creating caring communities of engaged learners, collaboration and democracy for all Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

What psychological orientations have influenced teaching philosophies? Humanism Personal freedom and responsibility determine learning Behaviorism Environment determines learning Constructivism Cognitive processes to construct learning Cognitive Science – study of mental processes used in thinking and remembering Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

How can you develop your educational philosophy? Eclectic Philosophy unique blend of 2 or more philosophies Becoming At Teacher, 9e, Forrest W. Parkay ISBN: 0132767465 © 2013, 2010, 2007Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved