Curriculum: Foundations, Principles and Issues Chapter One 1. Behavioral approach - what can the learner do that we can see? Bobbitt’s 800 elementary objectives and Tyler’s technical and scientific approach 2. Managerial approach – organizational chart, flow charts, TQM; curriculum revision cycle Humanistic approach – psychological health, self-actualization, art, music –Dewey, Montessori, Steiner, Armstrong Reconceptualist approach – concerned with inequality, oppression

Definitions of Curriculum, pp. 10 - 11 1. Tyler and Taba’s plan for achieving goals 2. Dewey – all the learner’s school experiences 3. linear or nonlinear system of planning for instruction 4. theoretical, scholarly field of study; broad, historical, philosophical, social 5. subject matter content by grade level See Doll quotation, p. 11

Curriculum Domains Fenwick English: 1. ideological (philosophy) 2. technical (design) 3. operational (managerial) Glatthorn – written, taught, tested +learned + hidden Development - - How + Structure Design – components Roles of curriculum leaders, p. 23 Role of principal in curriculum, p. 26

Chapter Two: Philosophical Foundations Thomas Hopkins quote, p. 32 Dewey and Tyler, p. 33 IDEALISM – Plato, Hegel, Emerson, Thoreau, Froebel: Truth, enduring values, classics; philosophy, theology, mathematics REALISM - Aristotle, Aquinas, Orderly universe: education illuminates purpose (Science PRAGMATISM – Dewey - problem-solving, learning to learn, scientific method EXISTENTIALISM – self-fulfillment; reject group norms, authority, established order

Educational Philosophies, Table 2.4 Pereniallism – subject centered; knowledge that has stood the test of time; knowledge, skills, values – minus vocational education Essentialism – status quo; subject centered, devaluing art, music, P.E., CATE; instead conceptual thought, problem-solving, STEM, standards, factoids Progressivism – Thomas Jefferson, Dewey, Combs, Rogers,Maslow: problem-solving, scientific method, opposing authoritarianism, memorization of factoids, and intimidation; relevance, humanistic, reform; critical eye on unintended, learned curriculum

Reconstructionism Kozol: critically examine cultural heritage, examine controversial subjects, become activists for social change Internationalists - + global studies Reconceptualism – intuitive, personal, mystical, linguistic, political, social, and spiritual P. 55 where philosophy clearly drives decisions about school, curriculum, instruction, grading, allocation of funds