Different Perspectives

Structuralism  The Structure of our mind is made up of feelings and emotions.  We experience various emotions and they determine our behavior

Edward Titchener  Introduced Structuralism to the U.S

Wilhelm Wundt  First man to test psychology experiments in a laboratory.

Functionalism  Focuses on how emotions stem from experiences. (How your “mind” Functions)

William James  Stream of conscious  When I say go write down everything that flows through your mind for 1 minute

John Dewey  To adjust to an environment you need to experience something for it to become part of your learning

Gestalt  Perception of the whole is different than the perception of an individual item  How people perceive things is the key to understanding their behavior

Max Wertheimer  People are born with the ability to organize their world into patterns

Wolfgang Kohler  The way we think is important to the way we adapt to our environment

Kurt Koffka  People want/need to see patterns in their environment

Gestalt Theory Copy down the picture on your paper Ll

Gestalt Theory A person with a mental disorder would not see or express The patterns the same way as a mentally healthy person L l

What does this look like in therapy? Making sure the client focuses on the present. What patterns do they exhibit and what does that tell us/them about how they are experiencing the present

Behaviorism  Observable behavior occurs as a response to stimulation from our environment  Positive responses will increase behavior  Negative responses will decrease behavior

Ivan Pavlov  Classical Conditioning with dogs

John Watson  There is no intention behind people’s behavior

B.F. Skinner  Behavior changes over time depending on consequences  Known as “shaping”

What does this look like in real life? Can Pigeons read?Pigeons

Existential Psychology  People have an innate drive to make the most out of life, to be optimistic  Emphasizes self-determination and choice  Humans have a desire and a responsibility to rise above the environment

Jean Paul Sartre  Studied WWII, how it could happen and how did people rise above it to find meaning in life

Rollo May  Therapists job to help lonely empty people make constructive choices in their lives to fulfill their uniqueness

R.D Laing  Introduced the idea that schizophrenia is not a disease but is a result of deteriorating social relationships  Patients begin to invent their own reality

Psychodynamic Perspective  Conscious behavior is a result of unconscious conflict

Sigmund Freud  Many problems stem from sexual conflict

Only 90% of an iceberg is below the surface… What is below your awareness?

Alfred Adler  Early follower of Freud  Founder of the idea that individual psychology stresses the influence of inferiority in human behavior

Carl Jung  Analytical psychology exploration of myth and dreams in relation to the human psychology

Humanistic Perspective  Protest against behaviorism  Similar to Existentialists

Carl Rogers  Client centered approach focuses on the power of people to solve our own problems

Abraham Maslow  Developed Maslow’s Hierarchy of need

Physiological/ Neurobiological Perspective  Genetic and biological factors cause human behavior

Herman Von Helmholtz  Physicist who made contributions to physiology and physiological psychology

Charles Darwin  Genetic and biologic causes of behavior of survival are more likely to be passed through generations

Cognitive Perspective  Thinking about our thoughts emphasizes the way in which people mentally process incoming information, evaluate it, and respond to it

Jean Piaget  Stages of cognition and the development of thought in children  Found that cognitive stages were more than just the result of previous learning taking us to a new level  Higher thinking unfolds naturally as we mature Higher thinking unfolds naturally as we mature Higher thinking unfolds naturally as we mature

Learning/Behavior Perspective  The way we act is a result of how we have learned to act  We learn from observing how others behave, and imitating their behavior

Albert Bandura  Theorized the connection between the media and aggressive behavior in children  Famous Bobo Doll Experiment Famous Bobo Doll Experiment Famous Bobo Doll Experiment

Sociocultural/Community Perspective  Society teaches behavior and reinforces or punishes to shape that behavior  Peoples’ behaviors are determined by social values and morals and the consequences for behavior

Eclectic Approach  Uses several different approaches in combination

Jean Zeman PNWSS Period: Why do you like living in the United States? Startup Week 9 –CauseCure 1 Structuralists would sayFind out what he is really That he is afraid and that is makingafraid of and address that issue Him paranoid and causing him tothen his delusions should Invent dangers that are not theredisappear Different perspectives Cause and cure How would the different perspectives view Chris Irwin’s break with reality? How Would they cure it?

Different Perspectives How would the following perspectives explain the behavior of stealing Behaviorist Neurobiological Sociocultural