Cell structure AS Biology.

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Presentation transcript:

Cell structure AS Biology

Describe the function of the nuclear envelope and nucleolus. Cell structure Learning Objectives Give the function and cellular location of the following basic eukaryotic organelles and structures: cell membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and cell walls. A micrometer is one-millionth of a meter long. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter long. How many micrometers tall are you? Describe the function of the nuclear envelope and nucleolus. Describe the details of the structure of the chloroplast, the site of photosynthesis. Mature, living plant cells often have a large, fluid-filled central vacuole that can store amino acids, sugars, ions, and toxic wastes. Animal cells generally lack large vacuoles. How do animal cells perform these functions? Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments are all main components of the cytoskeleton. Flagella and cilia propel eukaryotic cells through their environment; the microtubule organization in these organelles is a 9+2 array. AS Biology

Cell size AS Biology

Animal cell AS Biology

Liver Cell AS Biology

Plant cell AS Biology

Lily parenchyma cell AS Biology

Cell membrane AS Biology

Cell membrane AS Biology

Nucleus AS Biology

Nucleus AS Biology

Nuclear pores AS Biology

Nuclear pores AS Biology

mitochondria AS Biology

mitochondria AS Biology

Endoplasmic reticulum AS Biology

Endoplasmic reticulum AS Biology

Ribosomes AS Biology

Ribosome units AS Biology

Golgi apparatus AS Biology

Golgi AS Biology

AS Biology

Lysosome AS Biology

Microtubules, cytoskeleton AS Biology

cilia AS Biology

Cilia and flagella microtubule arrangement 9+2 AS Biology

Movement of cilia and flagella AS Biology

pseudopodia AS Biology

AS Biology Review Questions There are ____ micrometers (µm) in one millimeter (mm). a) 1; b) 10; c) 100; d) 1000; e) 1/1000 Human cells have a size range between ___ and ___ micrometers (µm). a) 10-100; b) 1-10; c) 100-1000; d) 1/10-1/1000 Chloroplasts and bacteria are ___ in size. a) similar; b) at different ends of the size range; c) exactly the same; d) none of these. The plasma membrane does all of these except ______. a) contains the hereditary material; b) acts as a boundary or border for the cytoplasm; c) regulates passage of material in and out of the cell; d) functions in the recognition of self Which of these materials is not a major component of the plasma membrane? a) phospholipids; b) glycoproteins; c) proteins; d) DNA Cells walls are found in members of these kingdoms, except for ___, which all lack cell walls. a) plants; b) animals; c) bacteria; d) fungi The polysaccharide ___ is a major component of plan cell walls. a) chitin; b) peptidoglycan; c) cellulose; d) mannitol; e) cholesterol Plant cells have ___ and ___, which are not present in animal cells. a) mitochondria, chloroplasts; b) cell membranes, cell walls; c) chloroplasts, nucleus; d) chloroplasts, cell wall The ___ is the membrane enclosed structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the DNA of the cell. a) mitochondrion; b) chloroplast; c) nucleolus; d) nucleus Ribosomes are constructed in the ___. a) endoplasmic reticulum; b) nucleoid; c) nucleolus; d) nuclear pore Rough endoplasmic reticulum is the area in a cell where ___ are synthesized. a) polysaccharides; b) proteins; c) lipids; d) DNA The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the area in a cell where ___ are synthesized. a) polysaccharides; b) proteins; c) lipids; d) DNA The mitochondrion functions in ____. a) lipid storage; b) protein synthesis; c) photosynthesis; d) DNA replication; e) ATP synthesis The thin extensions of the inner mitochondrial membrane are known as _____. a) cristae; b) matrix; c) thylakoids; d) stroma The chloroplast functions in ____. a) lipid storage; b) protein synthesis; c) photosynthesis; d) DNA replication; e) ATP synthesis Which of these cellular organelles have their own DNA? a) chloroplast; b) nucleus; c) mitochondrion; d) all of these The theory of ___ was proposed to explain the possible origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria. a) evolution; b) endosymbiosis; c) endocytosis; d) cells Long, whiplike microfibrils that facilitate movement by cells are known as ___. a) cilia; b) flagella; c) leather; d) pseudopodia AS Biology