Cell Structure and Organelles

Cell wall functions to protect and support cells made of a rigid material called cellulose in plants animal cells don’t have cell walls

Cell Membrane protects the cell controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell (selectively permeable) found in all cells

The cell membrane is made of phospholipids that are constantly moving. Small molecules (e.g. CO2, O2, H2O) can diffuse through the phospholipids. Proteins are embedded in the membrane that act as channels to move larger molecules in and out.

Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane, but outside the nucleus. The cytosol is a jelly-like substance made mostly of water that fills the cell. Organelles are located in the cytoplasm.

Nucleus and Nucleolus Nucleus: Is the control centre of the cell contains chromosomes (made of DNA) Nucleolus: a dense area within the nucleus where ribosomes are produced

Mitochondrion tiny, sausage-shaped organelle that provides cells with energy (ATP) mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration ATP is used by other organelles for energy for cell processes sugar + O2  CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)

Ribosome ribosomes are microscopic spheres attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytoplasm ribosomes make proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum a twisting network of canals functions to transport materials throughout the cell may have ribosomes attached to it (rough ER); smooth ER has no ribosomes attached

Golgi Apparatus flattened sacs that produce vesicles (transport sacs) they function to modify and export proteins

Lysosome saclike structure formed by the Golgi complex contains enzymes that can break down large molecules or worn out cell parts

Vacuole fluid-filled space containing water, sugar and starch helps with water regulation in plants

vacuoles can also store food or help some organisms move

Centriole small protein structures critical to cell division called asters when found in plant cells

Chloroplast found only in green plants and some protists convert sunlight into food for the cell via photosynthesis CO2 + H2O + sunlight  sugar + O2

Cilia and Flagella fine protein fibres used for locomotion Cilia: short, may be numerous on cell surface Flagella: long, usually few in number on cell surface

Cytoskeleton protein fibres that help anchor organelles in place and give structure to the cell Found in both plant and animal cells

Structures in the animal cell 1 2 3 4 5a 5b 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Structures in the animal cell

Structures in the plant cell 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Structures in the plant cell

Structures in the animal cell 1 2 3 4 5a 5b 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Structures in the animal cell 3. nucleus 2. chromatin 1. nuclear pore 4. nucleolus 5a. rough endoplasmic reticulum 5b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 6. vesicle 17. microtubule 7. cytoplasm 16. centriole 8. vacuole 15. ribosome 14. mitochondria 9. Golgi body 13. lysosome 10. cell membrane 11. vesicle 12. cytoskeleton

Structures in the plant cell 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Structures in the plant cell lysosome vacuole nuclear pore chromatin nucleolus nuclear membrane chloroplast ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum microtubule vesicles cell membrane cell wall microtubule cytoplasm mitochondria Golgi body cell wall

Animal Cell electron micrograph of a typical animal cell What structures are found only in animal cells? cilia, flagella; centrioles

Plant Cell electron micrograph of a typical plant cell What structures are found only in plant cells? cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplast