The Cell: The Basic Unit of Life

The Cell  The Cell has many parts.  Each part has a specific job and plays an important part in the life of a cell.  ll/chm05_pg7_cell.html ll/chm05_pg7_cell.html ll/chm05_pg7_cell.html

Animal Cell

Warm Up ____ 1. Provides energy for the cell by breaking down glucose molecules. ____ 2. Converts light energy to chemical energy for the plant cell through photosynthesis. ____ 3. This organelle controls all cell activities. ____ 4. Is selectively permeable. ____ 5. A gelatin-like substance that is the site of many chemical reactions in the cell. ____ 5. A gelatin-like substance that is the site of many chemical reactions in the cell.

Cell Membrane  Structure: protective layer that surrounds the cell.  Composed of lipids and phospholipids.  Function: controls interactions between the environment and the inside of the cell.

Cytoplasm  Structure: Gelatin like substance inside cell, constantly flowing.  Function: a) keeps the cell moist. b) allows for chemical reactions to take place.

Cytoskeleton  Structure: framework made up of thin hollow tubes.  Function: Helps the cell maintain it’s shape

Nucleus  The brain of the cell  Structure: has it’s own membrane.  Functions: a) directs all cell activity b) contains the hereditary material (DNA)

Mitochondria The POWER HOUSE of the cell!!!!!  Function: breaks down nutrients to make energy for the cell.  ATP is the energy source. *Why would muscle cells in your legs have more mitochondria than muscles in your abdomen?

Ribosomes Made in the nucleolus and sent out to the cytoplasm.  Structure: -Not membrane bound -Either float freely in the cytoplasm or are connected to the endoplasmic reticulum.  Functions: -Produces protein using the information provided by the DNA.

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum  Made up of folded membranes  Structure: either be rough or smooth -Rough: has ribosomes -Smooth: no ribosomes  Functions: -Acts as the processing center for proteins and other substances. -A system of highways to send things to different places.

Golgi Bodies Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Complex  Structure: -Stacked membranes, acts as the mail center.  Functions: -Sort out proteins and other substances in vesicles (packages) to go to their appropriate places (other parts of the cell, organelles, or out of the cell).

Vacuoles  Vacuoles: temporary storage for any excess cell material.

Lysosomes  Function: -Breaks down and recycles unused substances -Also kills the cell (Lysis) when the cell is no longer functional.

Extra Plant Structures  Plants are unique organisms and their cells have two added organelles.   Cell Wall -Tough, rigid, outer coverings made of CELLULOSE (a carbohydrate) Function: -Protection -Support and shape for the plant

Chloroplasts Green organelles that contain chlorophyll Function: Function: Chlorophyll captures light and uses it to make energy (photosynthesis).Chlorophyll captures light and uses it to make energy (photosynthesis).

Different Types of Cells

 Nucleus- I’m the boss  Mitochondrion- power packed  Cytoplasm- oooey, gooey  Membrane- coming or going  Vacuole- hold on layaway  Golgi Bodies- packed –n- ready  Lysosomes- clean up the junk  Ribosomes- one order o’ proteins  ER- on the road again  Cytoskeleton- keep’n the shape  Chloroplast- green food machine  Cell Wall- rough –n- tough  e/chm05_pg19_microscope.html e/chm05_pg19_microscope.html e/chm05_pg19_microscope.html