CHAPTERS: 1.8–1.9, 4, & 5 SCIENTIFIC METHOD, MICROSCOPES & CELLS
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Record and Analyze Data Draw a conclusion
VOCABULARY Problem Statement: Hypothesis: Independent Variable (IV). Dependent Variable (DV)
VOCABULARY Controls / Constants: The Control GROUP: Experimental group: Validity
HOW TO INCREASE VALIDITY 1.The experiment was 2.Experimental design includes 3.Compare
LAB REPORTS Title Problem statement Hypothesis Materials Procedure Data / Results Conclusions / Discussion
FORMAT FOR CONCLUSION In this experiment we tested… (problem statement) My hypothesis was (if ___, then ____) The data supports (or does NOT support) my hypothesis BECAUSE… (back it up with actual #’s from data) Possible sources of error… Improvements / applications
PENNY LAB Predict how many drops of water will fit on the surface of a penny.
HOW IS THIS POSSIBLE??!?!??!!? Is water sticky ?? Surface tension:
WATER’S IMPORTANCE TO LIFE Water is the _______________________ The majority of our bodies is made up of… WATER Ice and _______________ (good thing ice floats!) Temperature regulation / high heat capacity Search for extraterrestrials = search for WATER
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
THE CELL THEORY 1. 2.
PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE Total magnification =
EXPLORING LIFE & THE LIFE OF THE CELL ALL CELLS HAVE __________ DNA – Genes –
DNA IS A ______________________ Two long chains coiled together. These chains are made up of four kinds of chemical building blocks, called nucleotides.
TYPES OF CELLS Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
ENDOSYMBIOSIS
CELL FLOW CHART
ANIMAL CELLS No cell wall… Instead, they have a _____________________ _____________________ They also have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, which we will learn more about!
PLANT CELLS Have a CELL WALL, nucleus, & membrane-bound organelles
PRACTICE! STAND UP – SIT DOWN Is an animal cell eukaryotic ? Does a bacteria cell have a cell wall ? Is a plant cell prokaryotic ? Are plant and animal cells eukaryotic ? Do plant cells have membrane-bound organelles ? Do bacteria cells have membrane-bound organelles ? Do animal cells have a nucleus ?
WHAT AM I? I do not have any organelles. What am I ? I am a eukaryote WITH a cell wall. What am I ? I am a eukaryote without a cell wall. What am I ? I am a prokaryote WITH a cell wall. What am I ?
CELL MEMBRANE The outer boundary of any animal cell. It is semi-permeable, meaning it
CYTOPLASM The cytoplasm is the It holds all other organelles in the cell.
NUCLEUS The cell’s information center. The nucleus
RIBOSOMES The site of ______________________________________, or the production of proteins.
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is also a site of protein synthesis (because it is studded with ribosomes). The rough ER makes different types of proteins, which together, are necessary for the cell.
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) synthesizes lipids (fats) and detoxifies potentially harmful substances.
GOLGI BODY / APPARATUS The golgi body / apparatus
VACUOLES A vacuole is an open vessel which
MITOCHONDRIA A mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria) is the It converts food energy to keep the organelles and the entire cell running.
LYSOSOME The lysosome ________________________________ _________________________________________________ worn out cellular materials and foreign materials that enter the cell.
PLANT: CELL WALL The cell wall
PLANT: CHLOROPLASTS Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, and are the
CELL PROJECT Your goal is to create a model cell… in any way, shape, or form imaginable! You may choose to work individually or with ONE other person. If you choose to work with a partner, be sure to put the time and effort into your project that goes above and beyond what you would do on your own. Possible products: 3-D model, Children’s Book, Analogy, Short Story, Painting, Video, etc!!! Please brainstorm & work on your outline for me to approve. These projects will be presented!
SALTY POTATOES LAB 1.Get 3 slices of potatoes and 3 beakers. 2.Weigh each slice and record the starting weight. 3.Pour 100 mL of water in 2 of the beakers. 4.Add 2 spoonfuls of salt to the water of ONE beaker. 5.Place one potato slice into each beaker. 6.Predict what will happen to the weight, size, and texture of the potato at the end of class.
THE CELL MEMBRANE & TRANSPORTATION OF MOLECULES
STRUCTURE: PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
VOCABULARY Semi-permeable Diffusion Osmosis
EXAMPLE: WHAT WILL HAPPEN? = salt = water Inside cell Outside cell
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION There is a higher concentration of water Water will move into the cell, causing it to Think HYPO = HIPPO! Also: Hypo = low Tonic = solutes
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION There is a higher concentration of water Water will move out of the cell,
ISOTONIC SOLUTION The concentration of water inside the cell and outside the cell are Water will move freely in and out of the cell at the same rate, causing no overall change. The cell is in
PASSIVE TRANSPORT WEEEE!!!!!
MAIN IDEA Molecules move freely from This happens naturally and
ACTIVE TRANSPORT Aww, this is gonna take ENERGY!!! Cell energy = Adenosine Tri-phosphate
MAIN IDEA: Three types / examples of ACTIVE TRANSPORT: 1.Moving molecules from [low] to [high] 2. 3.
EXOCYTOSIS Achoo!!
ENDOCYTOSIS Three ways: 1.Phagocytosis: Nom nom nom!
ENDOCYTOSIS EN docytosis = materials EN ter the cell 2.Pinocytosis: Gulp!
ENDOCYTOSIS EN docytosis = materials EN ter the cell 3.Receptor mediated Finding small amounts
Fill the Venn Diagram with AT LEAST 10 things!!! Passive Transport Active Transport