Chapter 20 Lecture Two of Two ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

THE TROJAN WAR The Gathering at Aulis ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Gathering at Aulis Menelaus appeals to Agamemnon Odysseus resists going – Pretends to be mad – Telemachus – Palamedes Calchas says Troy won’t fall without Achilles ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Gathering at Aulis The stories of Achilles’s near invincibility Thetis, Achilles’ mother, hides him in a harem Achilles exposed through the “gifts for the girls” ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Fig Achilles and Chiron ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples; Scala/Art Resource, New York

THE TROJAN WAR The Journey to Troy ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Journey to Troy Mysia and Telephus Telephus gets his wound healed The sacrifice of Iphigeneia at Aulis – Clytemnestra brings her because of Agamemnon’s lie that she’s to be married to Achilles – In some versions a doe is substituted for her at the last minute ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Fig Sacrifice of Iphigeneia at Aulis ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples; University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive

The Journey to Troy Philoctetes left on Lemnos because of his snake bite – Has the bow and arrows of Heracles and so will have to be retrieved later in the war Protesilaus the first Greek killed in the war ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

THE TROJAN WAR Helen on the Wall ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Helen on the Wall Odysseus and Menelaüs try to negotiate, but to no avail Iliad begins not at the beginning of the war but in the tenth year – Not about the Trojan War but about what happens to the Greeks when Achilles gets angry and leaves the army ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Helen on the Wall Helen (implausibly) describes the Greek warriors to King Priam – Why should she be doing this only in the tenth year? ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

PERSPECTIVE 20.2 The Beauty of Helen ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Beauty of Helen Helen represents the ideal of feminine beauty and has inspired poets and painters since the Greek myth was first told. The perspective includes two short excerpts, one of Christopher Marlowe, and another of Edgar Allan Poe. See the chapter Perspective module on the companion website for links to images of Helen. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

THE TROJAN WAR The Anger of Achilles ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Anger of Achilles Chryses Chryseïs Briseïs Achilles nearly kills Agamemnon, but goes away when Athena intervenes Pleads to his mother Thetis to ask Zeus to make the Greek suffer ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Anger of Achilles Iliad, 1.68 –1.68 – timê and geras ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

THE TROJAN WAR Hector and Andromachê ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Hector and Andromachê Hector’s scene with his wife Andromachê and their infant son, Astyanax This scene, and other such domestic scenes, suggests that Homer was very sympathetic to the fate of Troy and its warriors ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

THE TROJAN WAR Embassy to Achilles ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Embassy to Achilles After things go badly for the Greeks, Agamemnon repents and sends Ajax, Odysseus and Phoenix to Achilles to try to persuade him to come back He rejects their gifts and petition ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Embassy to Achilles The Greeks are nearly defeated Achilles allows his friend Patrocles to go into battle in his armor Patrocles is killed by Hector ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Fig Embassy to Achilles ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek, Munich

THE TROJAN WAR The Death of Hector ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Death of Hector Achilles gets new armor His slaughter is so great that the river god Scamander takes after Achilles and nearly kills him Eventually he kills Hector in single combat He abuses the body of Hector ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Death of Hector But Achilles relents when Priam visits him and lets him take his body back for burial The Iliad ends with a line about the burial of Hector – This is the symbolic end of Achilles’s anger which started the epic ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Fig Duel of Achilles and Hector ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. © Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, New York

Fig The Ransom of Hector ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien oder KHM, Wien

OBSERVATIONS Homer, Inventor of Plot and Character ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Plot and Character The Iliad is a story about something – Achilles’s anger – and ends when his anger is released Thus it has a plot and isn’t just “one darn thing after another” His characters aren’t just action figures; they express their inner selves in action ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

End ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.