The Odyssey Review Notes English I Pre-IB Ms. Walden
Poseidon Moody Presides Over the Sea Trident
Hermes Mischevious Messenger God Winged Sandal and the Caduceus
Athena Goddess of Wisdom The Owl and The Olive Tree Zeus’ Daughter Born of a Headache
Apollo Sun God “Arrows of Plague” Lyre
Muses Knowledge and Arts Calliope
Greek Military History Hoplites Phalanx
Greek Politics and Society Ekklesia, Boule, Dikasteria Free Men and Slaves Enslavement Rules and Methods Role of Women
Greek Philosophy SPA- Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Pythagoras Physical and Natural Sciences Rhetoric
Greek Arts Pottery/ Visual Art Theater/ Comedy, Tragedy, Satire Epic Poetry/ Oral Tradition
Epic Simile Uses “LIKE” or “AS” Lengthy
Epic Simile Just as an angler poised on a jutting rock flings his treacherous bait in the offshore swell, whips his long rod—hook sheathed in an oxhorn lure— and whisks up little fish he flips on the beach- break, writhing, gasping out their lives . . . so now they writhed, gasping as Scylla swung them up her cliff and there at her cavern’s mouth she bolted them down raw— screaming out, flinging their arms down toward me, lost in that mortal struggle . . .
EPIC SIMILE Her mind in torment, wheeling like some lion at bay, dreading the gangs of hunters closing their cunning ring around him for the finish.
ePITHET Multi-Adjective Descriptions Personal Characteristics/ Major Traits Laerte’s Son The Kingly Man The wandering soul The Old Soldier The skilled and ample marksman
Essay Option Consider Part 2 of the Odyssey as a set of problems and solutions. After being gone for twenty years, Odysseus has a number of problems to deal with when he returns to Ithaca. Identify three problems Odysseus faces. Explain how he solved each problem and describe the consequences of his actions.
Essay Option In literature, as in life, people must decide from among alternative courses of action. Select an example from the Odyssey in which the story might have ended differently if a character had acted differently. Cite examples to support your speculation.
Essay Option Homer’s Odyssey has been described as a timeless success because of its profound expression of the triumph and frustration of human life. It is not only a story of a heroic battle but also of people’s advice, questions, requests, hopes, and desires. Discuss how The Odyssey expresses the “triumph and frustration of human life.”
Essay Option The character and actions of Penelope reflect ideas about the ideal woman in early Greek society. For example, she was expected to maintain her loyalty to her husband in the most difficult circumstances. Discuss some other aspects of the woman’s role as exemplified by Penelope. Then compare and contrast the woman’s role in early Greek society with that of today’s society.
Essay Option As an epic hero, Odysseus embodies qualities valued by his society. Do you think Odysseus meets our society’s expectations of a hero? Develop an argument about whether or not the actions of Odysseus are compatible with contemporary American values. Support your argument with examples from the Odyssey.
Essay Option Epic heroes are figures of larger-than-life stature who exemplify character traits valued by their societies. It has been said that although Odysseus is one of the greatest of Greek epic heroes, he is not perfect; he has flaws and makes mistakes. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your position, supporting it with examples from the selection.
Essay structure INTRODUCTION— BODY CONCLUSION Hook Clear, concise thesis BODY 2-3 paragraphs Strong logic and reasoning Textual examples CONCLUSION
TEST NOTES Be sure to review the information from the notes about the Hero’s Journey and Conventions of an Epic as well!