® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC Standards and 3d Geospatial Data Integration (AKA Fusion) Carl Reed, PhD CTO Open Geospatial Consortium July 24, 2010

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. What is the OGC? A non-profit, international voluntary consensus standards organization that is leading the development of standards for geospatial and location based services. 27 Adopted standards Facilitates a consensus process in which Members from over 395 organizations collaborate to define and maintain OGC standards. 2

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. The OpenGIS ® Vision Achieve the full societal, economic and scientific benefits of integrating location resources into commercial and institutional processes worldwide Live Geography – Interoperable Sensor Webs Enabling Portability in Monitoring Applications - Interpolation of Temperature Values for the Detection of Urban Heat Islands

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. The OGC Mission development, promotion and harmonization of open and freely available geospatial standards …To serve as a global forum for the development, promotion and harmonization of open and freely available geospatial standards … 4 Urban Model of Berlin based on OGC CityGML Source:

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Active Domain Working Groups (June-21-10) 5 An interest or focus in 3D content modeling, sharing, and integration/fusion

® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC – Collaborations with other standards development organizations

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC Alliance Partnerships –Primary Alliances for standards coordination Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) National Emergency Number Association (NENA) Web3D International Organization for Standards (ISO) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Web) Open Grid Forum (OGF) buildingSMART Alliance –Secondary alliances for standards harmonization and coordination Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association (GSDI) Workflow Alliance Digital Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG) Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) IEEE GRSS Taxonomic Data Working Group (TDWG) –Others 7

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC-Web3D MoU Develop and coordinate the production of appropriate joint outreach and marketing materials Develop and publicly publish exemplar hybrid content, which demonstrates the practical feasibility and effective value of using Web3D and OGC standards in concert Keep OGC and Web3D working groups informed about on- going technical progress and standards development strategies, in order to maximize interoperability and comparability between technology sets

® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC Standards related to 3d

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.10 OGC Geography Markup Language (GML) XML-based language for encoding geographic information to be stored and transported over the Internet GML serves as a modeling language for geographic systems as well as an open interchange format for geographic transactions on the Internet. GML defines both the 2d and 3d geometry and properties of objects that comprise geographic information. Used – often based on policy - in UK, US, Germany, Canada, New Zealand, Holland, Hong Kong, Google

OGC ® Copyright (c) 2009 Opengeospatial Consortium Geometry in GML

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. KML Encoding Standard XML for geographic visualization on 2-D & 3-D Earth browsers Features for display: placemarks, images, polygons, 3D models, text, etc. KML is not a geospatial modeling language; consider GML 12

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. CityGML Application independent Geospatial Information Model for virtual 3D city and landscape models –comprises different thematic areas(buildings, vegetation, water, terrain, traffic etc.) –data model(UML)acording to ISO 191xxstandard family –exchange format results from rule-based mapping of the UML diagrams to a GML3 application schema –ongoing standardisation process in OGC CityGML represents –3D geometry, 3D topology, semantics and appearance –In 5 discrete scales (Levels of Detail, LOD)

OGC ® CityGML : 5 levels of details LOD 4 – Interior Model “Walkable” architectural models LOD 3 – City / Site model Detailed architectural models, landmarks LOD 2 – City / Site model Simple buildings with detailed roof structures LOD 1 – City / Site model Prismatic buildings without roof structures LOD 0 – Regional, landscape model 2.5D Digital terrain model, 3D landmarks  The same object may be represented in different LODs simultaneously Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Candidate Standard Web Viewing Service A high level portrayal service for three-dimensional geodata Thin to thick clients WVS 3D browser plugins are available for X3D via W3DS

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Candidate Standard: Web 3D Service A Web 3D Service (W3DS) is a portrayal service for three- dimensional geodata, such as landscape models, city models, textured building models, vegetation objects, and street furniture. 3D browser plugins are available for X3D via W3DS W3DS delivered scene for mobile clients

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Possible integration points WVS can be integrated with other OGC services W3DS client is a medium client, which generally supports real-time navigation and interaction in the 3D scene.

® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Content Fusion – 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d: The OGC View

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Hot 3d Application Keep this application space in the back of your mind during the rest of my presentation!

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. AR is about Content Fusion and Visualization Georgia Tech Augmented Environment Labs

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Scope of Fusion “Process of combining data and information to improve detection, identification, and characterization of entities” Categories of Fusion –Sensor Fusion –Object/Feature Fusion –Decision Fusion Multidimensional Vision: fusion environment based on open standards 21

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Categories of Fusion 22

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. AMS hot pixels, MODIS hot pixels and EO-1 ALI Burn Scars

® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. The Urban Modeling Use Case: CityGML

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Applications of virtual 3D city models © T-Mobile © Sony Corporation © IKG, Universität Bonn © Fa. Conterra Training simulators Noise pollution mapping © Rheinmetall Defence Electronics © IGG, Universität Bonn Urban planning Disaster management Mobile network planning 3D-(Indoor) Navigation Claus Nagel, 2009

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Query your virtual 3D city model © T-Mobile © Sony Corporation © IKG, Universität Bonn © Fa. Conterra © Rheinmetall Defence Electronics © IGG, Universität Bonn Training simulators Noise pollution mapping Urban planning Disaster management Mobile network planning 3D-(Indoor) Navigation From which windows in which rooms from which buildings do I have a visible coverage of a certain place, road, or monument? Claus Nagel, 2009

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 3D city modeling… …is far more than the 3D visualization of reality –In fact, the geometry and its appearance are only one aspect of an entity –Key issue: Semantic modeling –However: 3D city models often seen as being identical with 3D graphics/geometry models of the respective region Google Earth (KML/COLLADA), X3D, 3D PDF, 3D Studio Max, etc.

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. CityGML and X3D - Examples Every instance is represented by a reference to the prototype – adopted from scene graph concept Class X3DMaterial is adopted from the X3D The definition of the appearance properties is adopted from the X3D specification Concept of positioning textures on surfaces complies with X3D

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Berlin 3D Spatial Data Infrastructure 3D geo database (Oracle) –3D city model (CityGML) –DTM (CityGML) –Orthophotos –Version and history management WCS Autodesk LandXPlorer Presentation System CityGML to KML WPVS Java client CityGML intf. Internet / Berlin governmental network CAD System (IFC) Direct access WFS / WFS-T Google Earth Browser Geo-enabled applications 3D City Model Editor Geodata systems Consumer / Producer SQL WSS W3DS Services CityGML SQL CityGML KML X3D

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. CityGML 3d Content Examples Buildings (in LOD2) and true orthophoto of a small area around the 'Pariser Platz' Street setting in Frankfurt with 5 textured buildings in LOD 3. Buildings in LOD 2 with photorealistic textures near Max-Joseph-Platz in Munich, Germany.

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. CityGML and AR search for "augmented reality" citygml CityGML –Application scheme of GML –Structure for thematic modeling, semantic descriptions, appearance storage of 3D geometries and features –Aligned with IFCs and BIM standards Example: Extension of Electronic Nautical Charts for 3D interactive Visualization via CityGML. Haase and Koch, 2010 © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.31

® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Very recent OGC standards work related to 3d use cases!

OGC ® Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 3d Location Services, Multi-Modal Tracking and Navigation for emergency response

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. IndoorML –IndoorML is a data model and exchange format for the representation of the indoor navigation aspects  GML3 application schema –IndoorML provides well-defined interfaces to connect semantic models of topographic indoor space  Complementary to existing standards like CityGML and IFC  Not restricted to 3D models  e.g., Open Floor Plan –Current research  Extension to outer space  e.g., GDF, OpenStreetMap  Mapping of IndoorML to existing systems and vice versa

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Multilayered Space Model Sensor characteristics, e.g. Wi-Fi cells (coverage area) Building topography (rooms, doors, floors, etc) Logical space, e.g. security zone (restricting access to some rooms) Partitioning of indoor space according to different space concepts

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Multilayered Space Model st Layer: Sensor space model 2nd Layer: Topographic space model 3rd Layer: Logical space model  Coverage area of sensors  3D building topography Layers are independent in that they represent separate decompositions of indoor space according to different semantic criteria Additional layers may be added to model further subdivisions of space, e.g. according to the mode of locomotion  Spatial extent of security zone in 3D  Primal space (3D geometry + topology)

OGC ® Copyright (c) 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium Mapping is the most imlemented mashup!

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Extending 3d fusion beyond the traditional $$$ Bringing together “mass-market” unstructured data with traditional geospatial data sources can greatly enhance the value of an operational picture! $$$ 38

OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Thank you for your attention! Carl Reed CTO and Exec Dir Spec Program