2.3 Making a Lot of Noise and Carrying a Big Stick Imperialism and America Essential Questions: What were the causes of America Imperialism? What were the consequences of American Imperialism?

Global Competition European countries for centuries had been establishing colonies all over the world Africa became a primary target and by early 20th century only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent Asia was also ripe for imperialism In late 1800s, Japan became major competition with European powers over control of China Some Americans wanted an to join in with the overseas expansion manifest destiny and social Darwinism justification

British Belgian Danish Dutch German French Italian Portuguease Russian Spanish

4 Factors Fueling New American Imperialism Desire for military strength Thirst for new markets Belief in cultural superiority – social Darwinism Duty to Spread Christianity

1. Desire for Military Strength America “policemen of the Western Hemisphere” intervening in international affairs of Latin America Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine “Chronic wrongdoing…may…ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and…adherence…to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States…to the exercise of an international police power” – (Latin America was focus of this statement) Big Stick Policy (displayed in above quote)

3. Belief in Cultural Superiority 2. Thirst for New Markets American Industries needed raw materials and markets 3. Belief in Cultural Superiority Social Darwinism – Americans are at the top of the social ladder, so naturally it is their right to dominate the rest 4. Duty to Spread Christianity Some (Interventionists) thought it was America’s duty to spread Christianity and democracy around the world

Territories Gained from US Imperialism Hawaii Alaska Guam Puerto Rico Philippines

Consequences of US Imperialism The Spanish American War The US won easily and fighting lasted only a few days Expanding trade Acquisition of the Panama Canal Panama Revolution – Roosevelt supported the revolution in an attempt to gain control of the canal zone

American Imperialism and The Spanish American War

Overview Causes Message to Garcia- http://www.birdsnest.com/garcia.htm Leaders Timeline-Events Maps Cartoons Evaluation

Causes of Spanish American War Imperialism Social Darwinism- Activity http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/activity.html Yellow Journalism Militarism Industrial Revolution World Power (land)

Imperialism The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations

Social Darwinism The application of Darwinism to the study of human society, specifically a theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority.

Yellow Journalism Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.

Yellow Journalism Sensationalist reporting Purpose: To bring about REFORM The term originated during the American Gilded Age of the late nineteenth century with the circulation battles between Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. The battle peaked from 1895 to about 1898, and historical usage often refers specifically to this period. Both papers were accused by critics of sensationalizing the news in order to drive up circulation, although the newspapers did serious reporting as well. During the 1800s Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst used yellow journalism to generate public support for the Spanish-American War

Militarism 1.Glorification of the ideals of a professional military class 2. A policy in which military preparedness is of primary importance to a state

Industrial Revolution The complex of radical socioeconomic changes, such as the ones that took place in England in the late 18th century, that are brought about when extensive mechanization of production systems results in a shift from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory production

World Power - Review Need for new markets to sell goods More land to get raw materials Keep up with European Powers Goals of leadership

Remember the Maine At 9:40pm on February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor 268 men were killed, shocking the American population What or who caused this explosion? http://www.homeofheroes.com/wallofhonor/spanish_am/02_maine.html

Waiting for the Facts Who is waiting? Why wait? Why might the United States want to go to war? What positive effects or outcomes could come from a war with Spain?

Leaders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt George Dewey William Randolph Hearst General Weyler “The Butcher Emilio Aguinaldo

William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901) 25th President Wanted to avoid war in Cuba Yellow journalism and public supported war In April 1898, President McKinley abandoned his failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for permission to intervene in Cuba.

Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy. “I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one” First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "Rough Riders.“ Stop, drop, that’s how rough riders roll…..(DMX)

Commodore George Dewey May 1, 1899— Commodore Dewey and his Asiatic Squadron defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay During and after the war, George Dewey became one of the war's most celebrated heroes

William Randolph Hearst Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow journalism New York Journal started a public hysteria for war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles and illustrations Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and I'll provide the war."

General Weyler “The Butcher” In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher," to Cuba To prevent the insurrectos Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the population Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps, Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease

Emilio Aguinaldo The Philippines' revolutionary leader Fought first against Spanish imperialism After the end of the Spanish- American War, fought against American

Events-Timeline 1895: Cuban nationalists revolt against Spanish rule 1896: Spanish General Weyler (the "Butcher") comes to Cuba. 1897: Spain recalls Weyler Early 1898: USS Maine sent to Cuba February 9, 1898: Hearst publishes Dupuy du Lome's letter insulting McKinley.

Spanish Politeness Who is holding the knife? Name the ship Is this an example of Yellow Journalism? Explain

Events-Timeline February 15, 1898: Sinking of the USS Maine February 25, 1898: Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt cables Commodore Dewey with plan: attack the Philippines if war with Spain breaks out April 11, 1898: McKinley approves war with Spain April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the US April 25, 1898: US declares war on Spain William McKinley US President from 1896 to his assassination in 1901. Backed by Mark Hanna and American business interests, McKinley championed high, business-protecting tariffs and opposed Free Silver. Under McKinley, the US engaged in a period of imperialism, epitomized by the Spanish-American War.

Let go of him McKinley Who is McKinley holding? Who is being attacked? What is the message to the public in 1898?

Events-Timeline May 1, 1898: Battle of Manila Bay (Philippines) May, 1898: July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders" July 3, 1898: Battle of Santiago - Spain's Caribbean fleet destroyed. July 7, 1898: Hawaii annexed July 17, 1898: City of Santiago surrenders to General William Shafter August 12, 1898: Spain signs armistice August 13, 1898: US troops capture Manila Teller Amendment A resolution by Congress in 1898 promising to grant Cuba independence after the war. The Teller Amendment provided the US with justification for its actions while allaying fears that the war was simply an imperialist land grab.

July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders"

Events-Timeline December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris signed - US annexes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines. January 23, 1899: Philippines declares itself an independent republic - Led by Emilio Auginaldo, the self-declared Filipino government fights a guerilla war against the US that lasts longer than the Spanish-American War itself. February 6, 1899: the Treaty of Paris passes in the Senate 1900: Foraker Act - Some self-government allowed in Puerto Rico. Treaty of Paris Signed on December 10, 1898, the Treaty of Paris officially ended the Spanish- American War. According to the Treaty, Cuba went free, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were ceded to the US, and the US agreed to pay Spain an indemnity of $20 million. Emilio Aguinaldo Partially of Chinese descent, Aguinaldo was the Philippines' revolutionary leader, first against the Spanish and then, after the end of the Spanish- American War, against the Americans

Events-Timeline March 1901: Emilio Auginaldo captured. 1901: Platt Amendment-Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreement, allows two naval bases in Cuba and U.S can intervene when necessary 1902: US withdraws from Cuba 1917: Puerto Ricans given US citizenship Platt Amendment 1901 amendment to the Cuban constitution by which the US was allowed certain concessions, including the right to indefinitely maintain Guantanamo naval base in Cuba.

Map

Results of the Spanish American War Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898 ended the Spanish- American War Cuba went free, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were ceded to the US, and the US agreed to pay Spain an indemnity of $20 million America becomes a world power QUIZ TIME!!!

Quiz-Question’s 1-3 Who am I? What was my role in the Spanish American War? What was the nickname of my voluntary Calvary?

Quiz-Questions 4-6 4. What role did Yellow Journalism play in the war? 5. What ship blew up sparking the war? 6. Who was the President during the Spanish American War?

Question 7 7. What hill is being taken by Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders?

Question 8 8. Who am I? Hint the Admiral of the US Navy Asiatic fleet in Philippians

Short Answers 9. What do you think was the real cause of the Spanish-American War? Do you think the war was necessary? 10. What responsibilities does the press have in terms of how it reports news stories? What are the short-term benefits of exaggerating or fabricating stories to make exciting headlines? What might be some long-term benefits of adhering to the truth?