Conventional Insurance Takaful Concept Takaful Rules Retakaful What is covered Gap in Islamic Finance Conventional Insurance Takaful Concept Takaful Rules Retakaful Market Potential Islamic Banks and BancaTakaful

Gap in Islamic Finance Islamic Banks contracts require assets to be insured with a Takaful company as per Shariah requirement. Many potential consumers of Islamic Finance stay away due to Insurance being on conventional basis. Doctrine of Necessity applied till Takaful was not available. Takaful Rules promulgated in September 2005. One General takaful operator since last one year. More to follow in coming months giving consumers a choice within takaful. Takaful exists for almost 30 years – typically with 2 to 3 years lag with Islamic banking development. Started with Sudan, later ME and Malaysia. Also number of synergies could be created with Islamic banks distributing takaful products (BancaTakaful) or setting up takaful companies with equity participation. Standing requirement of Islamic Banks for Islamic House Mortgage schemes, Car Ijarah schemes as integrated benefits. Distribution of Takaful Savings and Protection plans in different forms.

CONVENTIONAL INSURANCE Indemnification against unforeseen financial losses (not to profit from loss) Commercial Risk Transfer Law of Large numbers - Insurance company pools risks/reinsures above capacity. Recovers expenses for managing the pool Investment return under life insurance shared with PHs based on Actuarial Valuation or otherwise. Profit for the shareholders based on Underwriting results and Investment income

Objections to Conventional Ins Elements of: Uncertainty – Gharrar (non-existence of goods, un-known quantity, timing) in a commercial risk transfer contract. Interest – Riba

BASIC CONCEPT OF TAKAFUL Takaful means “Joint Guarantee” for mutual assistance within a group. Each member of the group pools to support the needy within the group. Mutual protection contains elements of cooperation, shared responsibility joint help – all encompassing in takaful concept Principle objective is the same as Insurance - to indemnify against unforeseen financial losses. Mechanism followed is however different. An economic institution whereby the losses of the unfortunate few are shared by the contribution of the fortunate many who are exposed to the same risk on “Co-operative Risk Sharing” basis.

HOW IS IT DIFFERENT FROM INSURANCE Concept of “Risk Manager” NOT “Risk Taker” Underwriting Surplus belong to Participants Underwriting Deficit may be shared by participants Risk Management Underwriting as usual Ensure Risk premium adequate – not commercial driven Retakaful Pool instead of Reinsurance Interest free loan by SH (Qard Hasnah) Investments compatible with Shariah based on Profit Sharing principles

CONVENTIONAL vs TAKAFUL Issue Conventional Takaful Organization Principle Profit for shareholders/ Risk transfer Mutual for participants Risk remains with participants No underwriting profits for SHs Form of Relationship Commercial Exchange/Contract of compensation Cooperative, Shariah contracts of Wakala or Mudarabah with contribution for mutual assistance Capital Shareholders Operator provides set-up capital. Laws Regulations Regulations plus Sharia approval Ownership Participants of Takaful Fund Investments Equity/debt-no restrictions Sharia compliant investments only / No interest Surplus Shareholders account Participants account

Takaful Rules 2005 Capital requirement – 80 m for General and 150 m for Family. Likely to be increased to Rs.300m for General and Rs.500 m for Family. Board of Investment requirement is $4 million (Rs. 240 million) at present. Composite companies not allowed Wakalah Model for Risk Protection 100% Surplus distribution for participants (after reserves etc) Underwriting deficit – Qard Hasnah by SH or recover Mudaraba or Wakala Model for Investment Sharing.

Takaful Rules 2005 Takaful company can also share risks on coinsurance basis from outside Pakistan Can use conventional reinsurance, only if retakaful is not available and if Shariah Board permits. Wakala based would be preferred. Windows not allowed for atleast 5 years Transformation of existing conventional general companies is allowed in one year Three member Shariah Board and Annual Shariah Audit

RE TAKAFUL Retakaful solutions evolving although not enough capacity available. Best Re (Tunisia), Asean Re (Labuan) and Tokyo Marine are providing retakaful based on Mudaraba model. Shariah scholars and SECP have objections to Mudaraba model. Need to look for Wakala based Retakaful solutions as a preferred route. Lloyds syndicate is setting up a Retakaful solution for General Takaful.

RE TAKAFUL Takaful Re launched in Dubai by ARIG with $125 m capital. Recently rated BBB by S&P becoming the 1st Retakaful operator with a rating and Wakala based model. Swiss Re recently launched Wakala based Family Retakaful Fund. Hannover Re is working on Retakaful solutions. Munich Re has also incorporated its Retakaful subsidiary in Malaysia. “Doctrine of Necessity” may no longer be justified hopefully leading to Takaful being backed by RETAKAFUL rather than Reinsurance. Government/ SECP needs to encourage setting up of Retakaful pools. Possibly within NICL / PRCL for General Retakaful State Life for Family Retakaful

Market Potential Pakistan’s insurance density and insurance penetration rates low. Reasons – Lack of awareness and religious concerns. Takaful can help push the penetration rates up.

Growth of Life Insurance Premium

Growth of General Insurance Premium

ROE OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY  RETURN ON EQUITY (%)  Year Average Equity Weighted (%) EFU AIC NJI Shaheen Askari 2005 58 56 63 57 39 28 2004 33 60 27 30 11 23 2003 32 29 41 21 16 2002 17 25 18 13 GENERAL INSURANCE   RETURN ON EQUITY (%)  Year Average Equity Weighted (%) EFU NJI ALICO METRO 2005 26 43 15 1 2004 27 47 21 6 8 2003 40 33 13 2 2002 14 17 -4 4 LIFE INSURANCE

Islamic Banking Dec 02 Dec 03 Dec 04 Dec 05 Mar 06 June 06 Number of full fledge Islamic Banks 1 2 3 4 Number of Islamic Bank Branches 6 10 23 37 39 48 No. of conventional banks operating Islamic Banking Operation - 7 9 11 Number of stand alone Islamic Branches of conventional banks 21 33 34 Number of Branches expected to grow exponentially Two new banks Emirates Global Islamic Bank Limited and First Dawood Islamic Bank Limited State Bank growth estimates for Islamic Banks

Islamic Banking Growth Rs. In billion Source: SBP Publication June 2006

Opportunities – General Takaful Islamic Banks have a mandated requirement / moral obligation to insure assets from a takaful company if available. Islamic Banks had disbursed Rs.58 billion (approx) – June 2006 in various assets General Insurance market size 2005– GWP Rs. 20 Billion (approx.), 38 companies Even if 10% switch to this basis it is more than Rs. 2.0 billion. Untapped Market - Individuals do not take insurance - Motor, PA, Health, Home Even if 10% of existing market do not insure for religious reasons, its over 2 billion. A large number of industrial groups have shown interest in takaful. Only one Takaful operator licensed in Pakistan, so far!! – More to follow

Opportunities – Family Takaful Islamic Banks require life cover for House financing etc. Life Insurance market size 2005– GWP Rs. 18 Billion (approx.), 4 private sector companies. Talks of SLIC being privatised in some form. Even if 10% switch to this basis it is more than Rs. 1.8 billion. Untapped Market - Individuals do not take insurance – Just 2.5 million individual life policies Even if 10% of existing market do not insure for religious reasons, its almost 2 billion. A large number of industrial groups are interested in group life and health benefits based on takaful. No Life takaful operator so far!! – Some under formation

TAKAFUL IN THE WORLD World Takaful Conference Dubai April 2006 Around 70-80 companies are now operating in 28 countries. Takaful is one of the fastest growing sectors of the insurance industry with around 20 per cent annual growth compared to less than 10% for conventional. Global Takaful premiums are estimated at $3 billion, of which 60 per cent is general takaful and the remaining is family takaful. Middle East accounts for 36 per cent of premiums and about 56 per cent is generated in South East Asia.

SYNERGIES AMONGST ISLAMIC FINANCE PARTICIPANTS Takaful Operators, banks and Capital market players continuously focus on product building to offer more attractive products that fulfill the differentiated needs of the customers.

Synergies in Islamic Financial System Islamic Banks, Capital Markets and Takaful Operators work together to develop products using each others strengths leading to competitive products. Takaful Operators fill the gap by providing Shariah compliant protection for Islamic Financing Products. Islamic Banks and takaful operators work together to distribute takaful savings and protection products under bancatakaful arrangements in a more cost effective manner leading to better consumer values. Takaful Operators need longer term investments which fulfill the long term financing needs of Islamic financial institutions Long term investments enable takaful operators to offer better returns to its customers and shareholders.

BANCATAKAFUL A mechanism for distribution of takaful products through banks. Advantages for banks: Additional fee income from existing customers received upfront. Additional product offering Increase customer retention by offering long term plans Simple examples are: Motor Takaful policy with Car Ijarah of Islamic Bank Family Takaful cover with Housing or other financing facility. Depositors protection Credit card protection More complex products include: Savings products Education products Retirement products Protection products

BANCATAKAFUL TRENDS IN ASIA Based on research conducted by Swiss Re Sigma report (2002) “…by 2006, bancassurance could potentially account for 13% of total premiums collected in Asia’s life insurance sector and 6% in the non-life sector”. A large interest from insurers at this time as they seek to diversify from traditional and less productive agency channels. Distribution agreements appear to be increasingly common as a business model in Asia Pacific but increasing focus by major banks in JVs and ownership models. Most of the larger banks in each country have an interest in a bancassurance operation, or plans to enter the ‘manufacturing’ area – moving from ‘fee income’ to ‘value creation’, by setting up its own insurance company.

Recap Protection against unforeseen financial losses is a concern for many. Religious prohibition stops. Takaful Offers a huge potential market by filling the gap which remains untapped at present. Competitive Pricing of Takaful products would remain a key factor along with quality service. Bancatakaful could fast track efficient distribution and better customer value. Adherence to Shariah principles in operational practices would be the long term driver for success.

THANK YOU Abdul Rahim Abdul Wahab, FSA Director & Actuary Actuarial Services Division abdul.rahim@sidathyder.com.pk Sidat Hyder Morshed Associates (Pvt) Ltd Islamic Finance & Investment Symposium 6 - 7 Dec 2006, Karachi