Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is composed of very small particles called atoms. In nature, there are 92 different forms of matter that we call elements. Atoms by Brainpop

There are 11 elements of which most living things are composed. The most abundant element in the human body is oxygen. The second most abundant element in the human body is carbon, and in third place is hydrogen. Together, these three elements make up 92% of a human being.

You are expected to memorize the symbols for the 11 elements that make up most living things: ElementSymbol OxygenO CarbonC HydrogenH

You are expected to memorize the symbols for the 11 elements that make up most living things: ElementSymbol NitrogenN CalciumCa PhosphorusP

You are expected to memorize the symbols for the 11 elements that make up most living things: ElementSymbol PotassiumK SulfurS SodiumNa

You are expected to memorize the symbols for the 11 elements that make up most living things: ElementSymbol ChlorineCl MagnesiumMg Intro to Elements Clip

Atoms combine together to form most of the substances we observe in the world around us. properties Compounds are formed when the atoms of two or more elements chemically joined together to form a new substance with very different properties than the elements of which it is formed.

oThe smallest piece of a compound is called a molecule oSalt is an example of a compound. It is composed of an atom of sodium chemically “glued” to an atom of chlorine. Each of these NaCl units is called a molecule. Compounds, continued…

oThere are many compounds that are important to living things.

Mixtures are formed when two or more substances are mixed together but not chemically combined. own Each substance retains its own characteristics, and can be separated from each other by simple physical means. The air in this room is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and small amounts of other gases. Compounds & Mixtures Clip

Reading Chemical Formulas: H 2 O  The letters tell you what elements make up the molecule…what are the elements in this molecule?  The little numbers to the right of the letters tell you HOW MANY ATOMS of each element. If there isn’t one, it just means that there is one atom of that element.  If there was a number in front of the formula, it would tell you how many MOLECULES of that substance there was: 4H 2 O How many molecules of water are there here?

One type of mixture that is important to living things is a solution. solution In a solution, the atoms or molecules of one substance are mixed evenly throughout another substance which is usually a liquid or a gas.

Salt dissolved in water is an example of a solution. A suspension is a type of mixture that is similar to a solution, but particles in a suspension will settle out of it is left undisturbed. Blood is an example of a suspension.

If a sample of blood is left undisturbed, what will settle to the bottom of the test tube? Red Blood Cells, platelets, white blood cells What is the name of the liquid part of the blood that is left at the top? Plasma Compounds & Mixtures Clip

compounds There are two types of compounds that are important to living things: Organic and inorganic compounds Organic compounds Organic compounds contain the element carbon. There are 4 types of organic compounds that are important to living things:

Macromolecules Macromolecules also know as organic molecules or Biomolecules are built by a process called polymerization Polymerization- Large compounds are built joining smaller ones together Monomers- are small (building blocks) Polymers- When monomers are joined together

Organic Compound Composed of: ExamplesFunction Carbohydrate C, H, O Sugar Starch cellulose energy Releases energy for cells

Carbohydrate Monomer- Glucose Polymer- starch….. Found in potato, wheat, rice Monosaccharide- Single sugar Polysaccharides- large macromolecules formed from monosaccharide

Organic Compound Composed of :ExamplesFunction Lipid C, H, O Fats Oils Waxes Stores and releases MORE energy for cells Cell membranes are made of lipids

Fats and Lipids Monomer- No true monomer Lipids form when three fatty acids bonds with one glycerol molecule

Organic Compound Composed of: ExamplesFunction Protein C, H, O, Nenzymes Used to build cell parts; Made of smaller parts called amino acids Where are proteins made in the cell…?

Protein Monomer: Amino Acid Polymer Protein

Organic Compound Composed of:ExamplesFunction Nucleic Acid C, H, O, N, P DNA RNA Stores hereditary information

Nucleic Acid Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: DNA and RNA DNA is found in the Nucleus of each and every cell

Properties of water The most abundant solvent in the world Contain 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen Water is very polar

Levels of Organization in Eukaryotes Cells Tissue Organ Organ Systems

Inorganic compounds are also important to living things. They DO NOT contain carbon. Some examples include: water (formula: H 2 O) salt (formula: NaCl) Simple Chemistry Clip

Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very important to living things… Glucose is one of the most important molecules in biology. Here are some things you need to know about it: The chemical formula for C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose is: C 6 H 12 O 6 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Glucose is manufactured in PLANTS in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS GETTING ENERGY All cells (plants and animals) use glucose for the purpose of GETTING ENERGY

Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very important to living things… THE BONDSAll energy in a glucose molecule is located in THE BONDS. MITOCHONDRIAWhen the bonds of this molecule are broken, energy is released. This happens in the MITOCHONDRIA of the cell (the powerhouse organelle).