The ABC’s of GIS Standards: Sorting through the Acronym Soup of GIS Data and Technology Standards ‘Set things in order before there is confusion…’ A.J. Wortley, State Cartographer’s Office -Tao Te Ching

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Overview Types of Standards Standards Roles Standards Producers Metadata to Delineate Standards Standards for Interoperability Discussion : Future / Strategy

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Conceptual Levels of Standards Personal standards (ethics, priorities) In-house, local standards Meet internal business needs Regional standards Nearest neighbor interoperability State & Federal standards International standards Industry Standards De Facto Standards

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Modes/Applicability of Standards Data Content Standards Data Quality Standards Encoding / Format Standards Transfer / Exchange Formats Communications Protocols Service Standards More… Data Model Data Publishing

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf WLIA Standards Standard on Standards (1992/98) Parcel Geo-Locator Standard (1995) Digital Parcel Mapping Data Content Standards (1999) PLSS Database Definitions (2000) Content Standard For Geospatial Metadata (2000) GIS Data Exchange - WI Public Agencies (1996) Geodetic Control Clearinghouse Report (1994)

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf WLIA Standards (Continued) Standard Definition: Standards represent a succession of controls or guidelines which parallel the growth of a project or system. They evolve out of system development and support implementation. The development of a standard includes the creation and adoption of the standard. That is, standards are not created for standards sake, nor are they the force that drives implementation.

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf WLIA Standard on Standards WLIA Standards WLIA Standards provide prescribed methods, procedures, formats, or specifications related to land and geographic information systems. These standards are part of the fundamental ingredients for successfully implementing geographic or land information systems. WLIA Standards generally evolve from generally accepted (customary) practices. WLIA standards are voluntary. While voluntary WLIA standards are required to fully participate in the Wisconsin Land Information Program and to openly share in the collective success of all Wisconsin information systems.

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Content  Spec.  Implement’n FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata + Profiles FGDC Address Data Content Standard FGDC Vegetation Classification Governmental Unit Boundary Data Content Standard (USACE/Census) OGC Web Mapping Server (WMS) Spec ArcGIS Parcel Data Model

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Data Quality Standards Nat’l Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy ASPRS Guidelines for Large-scale Mapping SDTS Data Quality Guidelines National Map Accuracy Standards DNR Locational Data Standards Positional Accuracy Standards

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Data Encoding / Format Standards Naming, Proj./Coordinate, etc. FIPS, EPSG, … Raster GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, GeoTIFF… Vector DLG, SVG, SFXML -> GML … Transfer & Exchange SDTS, shapefile, GML !

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf What is GML ? Geography Markup Language A set of XML technologies for handling spatial data on the Internet Built on W3C and consortia standards: XML, XSD, Xpointer, Xpath, Xlink XSLT, SVG/VML, RDF/S Geospatial XML encoding & schema language

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Communications Protocols Http, TCP/IP, FTP, Wireless Interface: JAVA, CORBA, DCOM I/S/R: Z39.50, GILS, WAIS

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Emerging Webmapping Standards OGC – Open GIS Consortium WMS-- Web Map Server specification WCS -- Web Coverage Server WFS -- Web Feature Server WFS tie-in to GML Get feature_info, Get map WMS  Get capabilities

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Service Standards The new frontier … The concept of streaming free, subscription, and pay per view services is a solid but morphing vision … Will see emergence of content standards and APIs for services such as LBS

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Roles Played by Standards Data Model, Content, Architecture Community data sharing, exchange, enterprise integration Public data access, use constraints Data Quality / Data Value

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf OGC 2001 Interoperability Scenario Profiles: Common Architecture Stack Connectivity Service Integration & Workflow Service Discovery Service Description Service Data Format, Schema and Semantics Data Representation & Encoding Communication Protocols TCP/IP, HTTP, SSL, SMTP, FTP, IIOP, etc. ASCII, ASN.1/DER, XML, etc. HTML, XML/S, RDF, XMI, OGC-GML, OGC-WKT/WKB, etc. OGC SF, Coverage, Coordinate Transform, WMS, etc. HTTP, SOAP, COM, CORBA, SQL, J2EE, etc. WSDL,ISO-19119, etc. UDDI, OGC-Catalog, etc. WSFL, XLANG, ISO19119 Interoperability LayersInteroperability Standards Interoperability DCP

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Importance of Standards and Interoperability (OGC-2001) A Standards-based Framework is essential to develop a federated network of critical infrastructure information sources. Interoperability is required for cross-vendor, cross platform information sharing in a distributed environment. Interoperability is critical to the success of Information and Application Integration as envisioned in all industry segments.

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Cascading Standards Producers LIOs, LRCs RPCs, State Agencies WLIB, WLIA ANSI, FGDC, NIST ACSM, ASCE, ASPRS *Industry / Private OGC, W3C IETF, ISO

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Metadata Standards Dublin Core (DC), DIF, GILS, others Early library index, search, retrieval FGDC CSDGM v.2 Current Federal, ushered in by WLIA/B ISO Internat’l coming 2002 ? Flexibility, Profiles, Community Support

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Metadata: Informed Entry Point Metadata provides informed context from which to enter into data discovery, evaluation, access, integration, analysis, and developed interoperability. Information Mngmt. vs. Data Mngmt. Wisdom Knowledge Information Data

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Partnerships Clearinghouse (catalog) Metadata FrameworkGEOdata Standards National Spatial Data Infrastructure

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Community Partnerships WISCLINC Clearinghouse, (catalog) Regional & Local Data Collections Metadata Foundational Elements WI.Data WLIA/WLIP Standards Wisconsin Spatial Data Scenario

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Metadata Content Identification Information Naming Conventions, Consistent Citation Data Quality Information Data Quality standards and statements Spatial Data Organization Information SDTS, Data Model Spatial Reference Information EPSG, Definition

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Metadata Content (Continued) Entity and Attribute Information Data Model, Data Dictionary, Codesets Distribution Information Formats, Protocols, Restrictions, Services Metadata Reference Information Access Point, Liability,

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Data Integration Issues Components of Data Quality Data Currency Format Conversion Map Projections and Transformations Dimension Change Geocoding vs. Georeferencing Living with Error and Uncertainty

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Future Outlook… Trends in GIS/IT standards Concensus efforts Public/ Private consortia efforts Speed of implementation parallel to technology Approach to Standards Integration Awareness, Evaluation, Foresight, Commitment, Utilization

March 13, 2002WLIA Annual Conf Further Information Questions ?? AJ Wortley State Cartographer’s Office 608/