Baltimore Polytechnic Institute December 2, 2014 A/A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

1. This river was cited by Texas and the United States as the southern border of Texas/U.S. 2. This general won a battle at Buena Vista while outmanned and later became President. 3. Identify at least 3 states that are a part of the old Mexican cession territory today.

Objectives: Explain how the issue of slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico disrupted American politics from 1848 to1850. Point out the major terms of the Compromise of 1850 and indicate how this agreement attempted to defuse the sectional crisis over slavery. Explain why the Fugitive Slave Law included in the Compromise of 1850 stirred moral outrage and fueled antislavery agitation in the North. AP Focus The California Gold Rush tempts miners from around the world to try their luck panning in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Few hit it rich, but overnight, the population of the area swells. In less than two years, California is ready for statehood. Plans for a transcontinental railroad follow shortly, spurred by the imperative to connect the East with territories newly taken from Mexico.

CHAPTER THEMES The sectional conflict over the expansion of slavery that erupted after the Mexican War was temporarily quieted by the Compromise of 1850, but Douglas’s Kansas- Nebraska Act of 1854 exploded it again.

Mexican War Chart-due today Decades Chart 1840’s-due today Decades Chart 1850’s-Begin work Rest of IDs due on Thursday for ID quiz Multiple Choice section on Friday

1848-Revolutions in Europe and unrest in America Popular Sovereignty Panacea Election of 1848 Democrats: General Lewis Cass-supporter of popular sovereignty Whigs: Zachary Taylor with no notable platform Free-Soilers: Martin Van Buren-free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men Taylor: 163 electoral votes Cass: 127 electoral votes Van Buren: 0 electoral votes but swung election for Taylor in NY by pulling popular votes from Cass

Anti-Slavery Men in North No response from major parties around slavery Supported Wilmot Proviso Federal aid for internal improvements Free government homesteads for settlers Attracted industrialists upset at Polk’s tariff reduction Democrats against Polk’s insisting on all of Texas and part of Oregon Conscience Whigs

1848 discovery on the American River near Sutter’s Mill Thousands of gold seekers, most got nothing, a few struck it rich Most money made off of the miners-services High percentage of lawless men, virtueless women California rushed the statehood process by drafting a constitution and applying for statehood, by-passing the territory phase

Read the quote on the bottom left of page 419. How does this portray women during the California Gold Rush? Read the quote on the bottom right of page 419. How does the author characterize men moving to California during the gold rush?

South concerned about the balance of power In 1850 there were 15 slave and 15 free states California threatened this balance as well as Utah and New Mexico-all wanted admission as free states Texas initiated disagreements-claimed area east and North of Rio Grande River. Abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia Loss of runway slaves-Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad 1,000 runaways/year out of a population of some 4 million-So, why the complaints from the South?

Southern slavocrats wanted to push slavery south into Central America by acquiring land. William Walker-tried to take Baja California Took Nicaragua and installed himself as President U.S. withdrew recognition and he was executed in 1860 by a Honduran firing squad Cuba another enticing slavery acquisition Polk offered $100 million to Spain feeble takeovers ended in disaster Spain took American Steamer Black Warrior in 1854 Ostend Manifesto-$120 million for Cuba. If not, and the continued Spanish ownership endangered American interests, the U.S. would be right in forcefully taking the land

Caleb Cushing sent by President Tyler in early 1844 Signed the Treaty of Wanghia-1 st formal diplomatic treaty between the U.S. and China Matthew C. Perry sent by President Fillmore Used grace and fear to finalize the Treaty of Kanagawa on March 31, 1854

Transportation to newly acquired lands imperative to keep them in the union All sorts of solutions….even camels Railroads the only solution Where to build this railroad??? The South? The North? Best routes south of the Mexican Border Secretary of War Jefferson Davis arranged James Gadsden, a railroad man to negotiate with Santa Anna Purchased a small area for $10 million

Stephen Douglass envisioned a line of settlements across the continent He also owned Chicago real estate and railroad stock. Proposed the Nebraska Territory be sliced into 2-Kansas and Nebraska Utilized popular sovereignty to decide slavery Flew in face of Missouri Compromise

 Continue reading Chapter 18  Work on Charts.