Growth of the European Union and NATO

Origins of the EU World War II World War II Determined to prevent future destruction Determined to prevent future destruction Europe splits into East and West Europe splits into East and West West forms “Council of Europe” West forms “Council of Europe” Europe Day Europe Day May 9, 1950 May 9, 1950 French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman presents a plan for deeper cooperation French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman presents a plan for deeper cooperation

Schuman Declaration French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman Place France and West Germany’s coal and steel industries under joint management Place France and West Germany’s coal and steel industries under joint management Planned to end mutual friction in Europe Planned to end mutual friction in Europe Outcome Outcome European Coal and Steel Community European Coal and Steel Community First of European Communities- Predecessor to the European Union First of European Communities- Predecessor to the European Union

The Founding Fathers Germany Germany Konrad Adenauer Konrad Adenauer Walter Hallstein Walter Hallstein Britain Britain Winston Churchill Winston Churchill Italy Italy Alcide de Gasperi Alcide de Gasperi Altiero Spinelli Altiero Spinelli France France Jean Monnet Jean Monnet Robert Schuman Robert Schuman Belgium Belgium Paul Henri Spaak Paul Henri Spaak

The Founding Countries France France Germany Germany Italy Italy Belgium Belgium Luxembourg Luxembourg The Netherlands The Netherlands

The European Communities (EC) One of the Pillars of the European Union One of the Pillars of the European Union Began with the European Coal and Steel Community Began with the European Coal and Steel Community Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris Expanded in 1957 Expanded in 1957 European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) European Economic Community (EEC) European Economic Community (EEC) Treaty of Rome Treaty of Rome

The European Communities (EC) Previous Communities merged together in 1967 by the Merger Treaty Previous Communities merged together in 1967 by the Merger Treaty

Progression to Modern Day July 20, 1963 July 20, 1963 The EC signs its first big international agreement The EC signs its first big international agreement A deal to help 18 former colonies in Africa. A deal to help 18 former colonies in Africa. July 1, 1968 July 1, 1968 Free cross-border trade between the six countries Free cross-border trade between the six countries First time for this ever First time for this ever

Progression to Modern Day January 1, 1973 January 1, 1973 The original six countries get joined by 3 others The original six countries get joined by 3 others Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom June 7-10, 1979 June 7-10, 1979 EC citizens directly elect the EC citizens directly elect the members of the European Parliament for the first time.

Progression to Modern Day January 1, 1986 January 1, 1986 EC up to 12 members EC up to 12 members Greece, Spain and Portugal Join Greece, Spain and Portugal Join February 7, 1992 February 7, 1992 Treaty on European Union Treaty on European Union Clear rules for the future single currency Clear rules for the future single currency Foreign and security policy Foreign and security policy Closer cooperation in justice and home affairs Closer cooperation in justice and home affairs First time it’s officially referred to as the “European Union” First time it’s officially referred to as the “European Union”

Progression to Modern Day January 1, 1995 January 1, More Countries Join the Union 3 More Countries Join the Union Austria, Finland, Sweden Austria, Finland, Sweden Almost entire Western Europe Almost entire Western Europe January 1, 1999 January 1, 1999 Euro Introduced in 11 countries Euro Introduced in 11 countries Commercial and financial use only Commercial and financial use only

Progression to Modern Day January 1, 2002 January 1, 2002 Euro notes and coins arrive Euro notes and coins arrive March 31, 2003 March 31, 2003 EU Takes on peace-keeping operations in the Balkans EU Takes on peace-keeping operations in the Balkans EU-led forces replace NATO units EU-led forces replace NATO units

Progression to Modern Day May 1, 2004 May 1, 2004 Eight Central and Eastern countries join the Union Eight Central and Eastern countries join the Union October 29, 2004 October 29, 2004 Treaty establishing a European Constitution Treaty establishing a European Constitution Streamline democratic decision-making and management Streamline democratic decision-making and management

Modern Day (Pretty Much) January 1, 2007 January 1, More Countries join the EU 2 More Countries join the EU December 13, 2007 December 13, 2007 Treaty of Lisbon Treaty of Lisbon Amends the previous Treaties Amends the previous Treaties Designed to make the EU more democratic, efficient and transparent Designed to make the EU more democratic, efficient and transparent Thereby able to tackle global challenges such as climate change, security and sustainable development. Thereby able to tackle global challenges such as climate change, security and sustainable development.

Symbols of the EU The European Anthem The European Anthem The European Flag The European Flag Twelve Stars: Perfection and Unity Twelve Stars: Perfection and Unity Origin: Council of Europe Origin: Council of Europe The European Motto The European Motto “Unified in Diversity” “Unified in Diversity” Further Info: Further Info: Video: Video:

Members of the EU 27 Countries 27 Countries Austria Austria Belgium Belgium Bulgaria Bulgaria Cyprus Cyprus Czech Republic Czech Republic Denmark Denmark Estonia Estonia Finland Finland France France Germany Germany Greece Greece Hungary Hungary Ireland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom

Members of the EU cont. Interactive Map:

Links: The European Union EU WebPages: EU WebPages: History: History: Schuman Declaration: Schuman Declaration: may/decl_en.htm may/decl_en.htm may/decl_en.htm may/decl_en.htm

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Beginnings March 17, 1948 March 17, 1948 The Treaty of Brussels The Treaty of Brussels Signed by Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France and the United Kingdom Signed by Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France and the United Kingdom Considered precursor to NATO agreement Considered precursor to NATO agreement The US The US Was thought to be necessary Was thought to be necessary Talks began Talks began

Beginnings North Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic Treaty April 4, 1949 April 4, 1949 Signed in D.C. Signed in D.C. Treaty of Brussels countries Treaty of Brussels countries Also: US, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. Also: US, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. NATO was born. NATO was born.

NATO’s Purpose Alliance of 26 countries Alliance of 26 countries Uphold the goals of the North Atlantic Treaty Uphold the goals of the North Atlantic Treaty Freedom Freedom Safeguard the freedom and security of it’s member countries Safeguard the freedom and security of it’s member countries Political and military means Political and military means Security Security Safeguard values of democracy, liberty, and peaceful resolutions within the Allies Safeguard values of democracy, liberty, and peaceful resolutions within the Allies

26 Member Countries Belgium Belgium Bulgaria Bulgaria Canada Canada Czech Rep Czech Rep Denmark Denmark Estonia Estonia France France Germany Germany Greece Greece Hungary Hungary Iceland Iceland Italy Italy Latvia Latvia Lithuania Lithuania Luxembourg Luxembourg Netherlands Netherlands Norway Norway Poland Poland Portugal Portugal Romania Romania Slovakia Slovakia Slovenia Slovenia Spain Spain Turkey Turkey United Kingdom United Kingdom United States United States

Current Problems and Conflicts The Balkans The Balkans NATO is helping to bring stability to the Balkans NATO is helping to bring stability to the Balkans Leading a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo Leading a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo Assisting the governments of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in reforming their armed forces. Assisting the governments of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in reforming their armed forces. Further Research: Further Research: /art3.html /art3.html /art3.html /art3.html

Current Problems and Conflicts NATO in Kosovo NATO in Kosovo Leading a peacekeeping operation Leading a peacekeeping operation Since June 1999 Since June 1999 Build peace and stability in Kosovo Build peace and stability in Kosovo Goal: Continue helping in the development of a stable, democratic, multiethnic and peaceful Kosovo. Goal: Continue helping in the development of a stable, democratic, multiethnic and peaceful Kosovo. Links: Links:

Current Problems and Conflicts Afghanistan Afghanistan NATO=key component of the international community’s engagement in Afghanistan NATO=key component of the international community’s engagement in Afghanistan Assists the Afghan authorities in providing security and stability Assists the Afghan authorities in providing security and stability Paves the way for reconstruction and effective governance. Paves the way for reconstruction and effective governance. More Info: More Info: html html html html

Current Problems and Conflicts Darfur Darfur From June 2005 to 31 December 2007 From June 2005 to 31 December 2007 NATO provided assistance to the African Union (AU) Mission in Sudan (AMIS) NATO provided assistance to the African Union (AU) Mission in Sudan (AMIS) AMIS AMIS End violence and improve the humanitarian situation in a region that has been suffering from conflict since End violence and improve the humanitarian situation in a region that has been suffering from conflict since More Info: More Info:

Current Problems and Conflicts Operation Active Endeavour Operation Active Endeavour NATO ships are patrolling the Mediterranean NATO ships are patrolling the Mediterranean Monitor shipping and providing escorts to non-military vessels through the Straits of Gibraltar Monitor shipping and providing escorts to non-military vessels through the Straits of Gibraltar Effort to detect, deter and protect against terrorist activity. Effort to detect, deter and protect against terrorist activity. More Info: More Info: index.html index.html index.html index.html

NATO NATO Speech: b.htm NATO Speech: b.htm b.htm b.htm NATO Webpage: NATO Webpage: History History Latest: Latest: