Computer Literacy for IC 3 Unit 1: Computing Fundamentals © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.1 Chapter 1: Identifying Types of Computers

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

Learning Outcomes Identify other types of computers such as appliances and media players Identify the role of the central processing unit Identify how the speed of the CPU is measured Identify the function of Read-Only Memory Identify the features and benefits of different types of secondary storage Identify the purpose of input and output devices © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.3

Learning Outcomes (cont’d) Identify different computer types based on relative size and capacity Identify different computer types based on the computer’s user Identify different computer types based on where the computer is used Identify different computer types based on intended use Identify different computer types based on operating system © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.4

Learning Outcomes (cont’d) Identify the numeric system used by computers Identify how computer memory is measured Identify how memory relates to different types of items stored on a computer Identify the general flow of data through a computer Determine the capacity of a computer hard drive Identify how to boot a computer Identify how to start a computer application © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.5

Learning Outcomes (cont’d) Identify how to create a document Identify how to save a file Identify how to close a file Identify how to exit an application Identify how to turn off a computer Identify the role of each type of system in an organization Identify the importance of sharing hardware, software, and data © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.6

Learning Outcomes (cont’d) Identify the purpose of distributed databases Identify the purpose of distributed processing Determine if a folder is set up for sharing © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.7

Categories of Computers Based on the Computer User Personal/Desktop Computers Personal computers (PCs), laptop or notebook computers, handheld computers Customized, personalized, meet individual needs Business Computers Workstations, mainframes, super computers, servers Standardization not personalization Specially trained administrators and maintenance technicians needed © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.8

Types of Computers Desktop Laptop Handheld Smartphone PDA-Personal Digital Assistant Tablet Computer Workstation © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.9

Types of Computers Servers Network server Coordinate computers in a network Uses specialized software Web server Runs specialized software to support Web pages File server Keep organization records Manages database file Supports access via dumb or POS terminals © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.10

Types of Computers Mainframe Information processing for large organizations Reliable, secure, used for redundancy Supercomputers Ability to evaluate complex interactions quickly Most expensive © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.11

Operating System Programming that controls interactions with the computer’s various parts and the users Types of operating systems: Mac OS Windows UNIX Linux © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.12 Windows Vista

Additional Types of Computing Devices Appliances Dedicated to one function Media players Apple iPhone for music and video Amazon Kindle as an e-book reader © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.13

Central Processing Unit CPU Heart of a computer Synonymous with microprocessor Made of integrated circuits Manipulates data according to instructions © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.14

How is CPU Speed Measured? Word Size Clock Speed Memory © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.15

Word Size Amount of data processed by CPU in one operation Bit = binary digit Byte = eight (8) bits Larger word size = faster processor More calculations per second Requires optimized software © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.16

Clock Speed Second measure of processor speed System clock emits pulses Clock pulses measured in Hertz (One pulse per second equals one Hertz) 1 Gigahertz = 1 billion pulses per second Processors perform actions with each pulse © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.17

Memory and Storage Primary storage For data and instructions being processed Secondary storage For results of processing for later retrieval © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.18

Memory Read-Only Memory (ROM) Contains instructions used for startup Non-volatile Random Access Memory (RAM) Memory used to store programs and data while in use Capacity rated in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB) Volatile © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.19

Secondary Storage Devices for data stored for later use Magnetic media Coated with magnetic material Hard disks and floppy disk Optical media Recorded in small pits in a reflective surface CDs, DVDs - discs Flash memory No moving parts, USB ports, digital cameras © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.20

Input and Output Devices Input Transferring data into computer Keyboard, mouse Output Sending information out Monitor, printer © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.21

Memory Measurement Binary number system Only two digits: 0 and 1 Electrical devices replaced by electronic transistors © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.22

Text and Numbers ASCII and Unicode are standards Limited by number of binary digits used ASCII = 8 bit Unicode = 32 bit © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.23 International System of Units (SI) MultiplierSize Kilo1,000 Mega1,000,000 Giga1,000,000,000 Tera1,000,000,000 Peta1,000,000,000000

Pictures and Sound Pictures Patterns of dots Dots are known as pixels Sound Analog Analog to Digital Converter assigns numbers to volume and pitch Converts sounds into series of numbers © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.24

Data Flow and Basic Functions of a Computer Step 1: Input User enters words, numbers, or commands via keyboard or mouse Step 2: Primary Storage Data, program, and commands stored in RAM Step 3: Processing Takes data from RAM and processes according to a program and entered commands © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.25

Data Flow and Basic Functions of a Computer Step 4: Primary Storage Results stored in another location in RAM Step 5: Output Processed data transferred from memory to monitor or printer Step 6: Secondary Storage Processed data written to hard disk, flash drive, or optical disc © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.26

Flow of Information When Creating a Document 1.Start the computer 2.Start the application 3.Open the file 4.Edit the file 5.Print the file 6.Save the file 7.Close the file 8.Close the application 9.Turn off the computer © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.27

Sharing Resource sharing Computers on a network share: Data Hardware Software Internet connections Sharing data Network connections allow rapid data file movement Sharing software Software installed and maintained on a server Easy to maintain © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.28

Sharing Distributed databases Large database stored on several computers Distributed processing Large computing problems broken into smaller parts and processed on different computers Reassembled into an integrated solution © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.29

Look for a Shared Printer 1.Turn on computer, point to Start button 2.Click Start, click Control Panel 3.Click Classic View 4.Display list of Control Panel Commands 5.List of printers displays 6.On Command bar, click Views button arrow, click Large Icons 7.Printers display in Content area 8.Printers display location and default printer © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.30

Shared Printers Shown in Windows Vista © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.31 Printers available from Control Panel Default printer

Objectives Covered Identified categories of computers Identified basic components of a computer Measured memory and identify flow of information Identified relationships between computers © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.32

Questions? © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. | Publishing as Prentice Hall.33