Physical Description India/Indian Perimeter SSWG5 The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary South Asia, Southeastern Asia, and Eastern Asia. a. Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on the regions of Asia. b. Describe the major climates of each region and how they have affected each region’s development. c. Analyze the impact of the topography and climate on population distribution in the regions.

R9Zkr0hU R9Zkr0hU Mt. Everest 2014 disaster/ABC News/ 4 min.

India/Indian Perimeter/Background World’s highest mountains separate India & its neighbors from the rest of Asia makeup a subcontinent Subcontinent: very large landmass that is smaller than a continent Tectonic forces shaped Indian subcontinent Formally part of supercontinent (Gondwana then Pangea) Broke away/drifted northward – 50 million yrs ago Pushed into Asia, creating the Himalayas

India/Landforms Himalayas (1) Gangetic Plain (2)

India/Landforms Himalayas (1) World’s highest mountain range Separates region from rest of continent Gangetic Plain (2) Low flat region that stretches 1500 miles across NE India the base of the Himalayas Rich soil--agricultural Forms largest alluvial plain Alluvial plain: fan shaped deposits of mud/gravel found along the base of a mountain

India/Bodies of Water Narmada River (1) Godavari River(2) Krishna River (3) Ganges River (4)

India/Bodies of Water Narmada River (1) Flows to the west of the Deccan Plateau Contains hundreds of dams PROBLEM: Reservoirs/dams have displaced people Godavari/Krishna Rivers (2) (3) Both rivers flow to the east Irrigation/canal systems link 2 rivers Made area productive in growing rice

India/Ganges River (4) Begins high in the Himalayas as melting glacial ice Brings rich soil to Gangetic Plain Flows more than 1500 miles SE across India’s northern plains used for drinking water/fishing/irrigation of crops Huge amts of sewage flows into the Ganges/very polluted

India/Climate India has 6 climate types: Highland/Himalayas (1) Tropical wet/dry (2) Arid/Thar Desert (3) Semiarid (4) Humid subtropical (5) Tropical wet (6)

India/Climate continued Monsoons strongly influence India’s climate Wet Summer Monsoon Begins around June Large low pressure area pulls moist air inland from Indian Ocean Can bring heavy rains/flooding Winter Monsoon Lasts from November to March Cold dry winds blow from Asia’s interior into India Air warms as it drops into India Warm dry winter

Natural Resources/India Farming important for India’s economy Fertile soils and rivers Farms cover ½ of India Rice, wheat, tea, and sugarcane ½ of world’s mangoes come from India No country grows more peanuts, sesame seeds, or tea Large deposits of iron ore and bauxite Some oil Uranium mines support nuclear power plants

INq_yM INq_yM Slums of India video Around 8 min. but it’s good

8 Hazards of Development/India 1. Heavy monsoons cause terrible floods 2. Late or shortened monsoons can cause famines 1943 famine in Eastern India 4 million people starved to death 3. Rapid population growth 1.13 billion people 4. Overcrowded cities Smog in cities

Hazards continued 5. Millions live in poverty while very few are wealthy 6. 70% of surface water is polluted Inadequate sewer systems and industry 7. Deforestation, overgrazing, and soil erosion ½ of forests have been cut down over last 50 years 8. Conflict with Pakistan over Kashmir

Indian Perimeter Includes: 1. Pakistan 2. Nepal 3. Bhutan 4. Bangladesh 5. Sri Lanka 6. Maldives

Indian Perimeter/Physical Features Pakistan largest country of Indian Perimeter Major Mountain ranges --- Himalayas, Hindu Kush Country’s main farming region --- Indus Valley Large fertile plain was formed from massive amts of sediment from the Indus River Mount Everest lies on Nepal/China border World’s highest mountain 29,035 feet

3cRjk4 3cRjk4 Man jumps off Mt. Everest – 2:08 min

Indian Perimeter/Climate Climates include: Arid (1) Semiarid (2) Tropical humid (3) Highland (4) Monsoons affect weather Tropical cyclones occur in Bay of Bengal Heavy rains & winds can reach up to 150 miles per hr. Strong winds can cause a storm surge/severe flooding Storm surge: waters wash ashore like a very high tide Waves as high as 20ft

Natural Resources Area not rich in resources Few minerals in region Pakistan has good amount Rely heavily on farming

8 Hazards of Development/Indian Perimeter 1. Flooding Can damage crops, destroy villages, and kill people 2. Tropical cyclones cause heavy flooding AKA: hurricanes 3. Poverty 4. Poor sanitation

Hazards continued 5. Malnutrition 6. Deforestation in Nepal 7. Political conflict in Pakistan 8. Pakistan is the home of terrorist organizations Hideout for Al-Qaeda and Taliban

4Se1Wcc 4Se1Wcc Border raids Pakistan