Swedish GP training presentation in English

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Presentation transcript:

Swedish GP training presentation in English

Chlamydia screening in general practice Ellie Ricketts Public Health England Primary Care Unit UK Modified for Sweden

Background National chlamydia screening program in England: CT testing annually for people < 25 years old A structured education project for GPs: The number of CT tests increased with 76% The number of detected chlamydia infections increased with 40% I flera europeiska länder, bl a England finns nationella riktlinjer för klamydiaprevention. I England rekommenderas årliga klamydiatester till alla sexuellt aktiva personer under 25 år. McNulty et al lyckades i England öka provtagningen i primärvården med 76% med en strukturerad utbildningsinsats. McNulty, C.A., et al., Increasing chlamydia screening tests in general practice: a modified Zelen prospective Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial evaluating a complex intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Sex Transm Infect, 2013.

Background Would the results be the same in other countries as in the UK?

Chlamydia screening Health Care Centres England, France, Estonia and Sweden Offer chlamydia screening tests to all patients 15-24 years old Independent of the reason for consultation. January to June 2014 Det är ett internationellt projekt som pågår samtidigt iEngland, Frankrike, Estland och Sverige. Projektet går ut på att erbjuda klamydiaprov till alla unga män och kvinnor 15-24 år som kommer till vårdcentralen oavsett varför de kommer dit. Det är åldern, inte sökorsak eller ev. riskbeteenden, som är det viktiga. Projektet kommer att pågå hela 2014.

Main outcome measures The total number of chlamydia tests/ gender /month/ Health Care Centre versus same month 2013. The number of positive tests/ gender/month/ Health Care Centre versus same month 2013. All data from laboratory statistics No patient identity is noted In Sweden we presume an increase in testing but less increase in positive tests Contact tracing is unique for Sweden

Chlamydia infection Common Often asymptomatic (and not diagnosed?) Sexually transmitted Complications (salpingitis, infertility) Easy to treat Introduktionsbild klamydiainfektion.

Antalet klamydiafall sjönk under slutet av 80-talet och början av 90-talet. Sedan mitten av 90-talet stadig ökning. Notera att spridningen ser ut att stagnera kring 2005-2006, för att därefter stiga kraftigt under 2007. Orsak: en muterad stam av klamydiabakterien upptäcktes inte med dåvarande metoder. Analysmetoden förfinades 2007, vilket gav en kraftig ökning.

Transmission vaginal sexual intercourse anal sexual intercourse oral-genital contact mutual touching sharing of sex toys But also: from mother to child at delivery autoinfection (eye) Incubation ~ 1 week

Signs & Symptoms Usually asymptomatic Usually asymptomatic Women post coital or intermenstrual bleeding lower abdominal pain purulent vaginal discharge mucopurulent cervicitis and/or contact bleeding dysuria Men Usually asymptomatic urethral discharge dysuria (pain on passing urine) (extent of severity may vary)

Chlamydia treatment Doxycycline 10 days or (Azithromycin, single dose) ”No sex” during treatment Contact tracing Använd Azitromax sparsamt pga resistensutveckling mot mycoplasma genitalium, t ex vid bristande följsamhet eller allergi mot Doxyferm.

Complications + - (~3%?) ~20% Genital chlamydia infection Salpingitis Reinfections + Genital chlamydia infection RISK (~3%?) - Salpingitis Early treatment ~20% Tidig behandling verkar minska risken för komplikationer. Upprepade klamydiainfektioner ökar risken för komplikationer. Siffrorna från Haggarty 2010 (sammanställning inför amerikanska klamydiariktlinjer) Haggerty, C.L., et al., Risk of sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women. J Infect Dis, 2010. 201 Suppl 2: p. S134-55. Extrauterine pregnancy Infertility Haggerty et al., Risk of sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women. J Infect Dis, 2010.

Diagnosing chlamydia ♂ ♀ ♀ Sensitivity Specificity Urine sample (first-void-urine) 95 % 99 % ♀ Urine sample (first-void-urine) 85-96 %* >95 % ♀ Self-collected vaginal swab 96-97 % >95 % *different methods SBU Alert-rapport nr 2010-05 Urine Specimen in Diagnosing Chlamydia in Women

Diagnosing chlamydia Urine sampling First-void-urine in a small cup Pour urine into the tube up to between the lines The liquid must be left in the tube Do not urinate less than 1 hour before sampling - Important with early information Provtagningsinstruktioner: Är alla bekväma med att informera hur provtagningen går till?

Diagnosing chlamydia Self-collected vaginal swab . Gently slide the swab into the vagina. Rotate the swab for 20 seconds. Place the swab into the tube Break the swab and cap securely Bilden är från baksidan av cervixpinnens förpackningen.

Chlamydia is an intracellular bacteria The bacteria hide in the cells in the mucus membrane Use first-void-urine 1 hour bladder incubation time

Chlamydia in Sweden We focus on both sexes 15-24 years of age! Age Cases /100 000 habitants Ålder spelar roll. Social bakgrund och kön (57% av upptäckta klamydiainfektioner 2012 var hos kvinnor) spelar mindre roll. Medianålder 21 för tjejer, 23 för killar. Women Men We focus on both sexes 15-24 years of age!

Gonorrhoea in Sweden Dual test chlamydia and gonorrhoea! Age Cases /100 000 habitants Några ord om gonorré. Sexuellt överförbar sjukdom med liknande symtom som klamydia. Ovanligt, men ökar. Behandlas med antibiotika, men det finns en oroande resistensutveckling. Notera att patienterna är något äldre. I Örebro och Uppsala analyseras klamydiaprov rutinmässigt även för gonorré, så vi kommer få kunskaper även om detta. Women Men Dual test chlamydia and gonorrhoea!

Something about young people... Mean age for sexual debut: 16 years of age How many young people visit the GP? Age (year) 16 – 29 <25 Clinic GP Time 3 month each year Country Sweden England Women 35% 75% Men 26% 60% UM=ungdomsmottagning. Referens till de engelska siffrorna! At your surgery/department? Forsberg, M., Ungdomar och sexualitet En forskningsöversikt 2005. 2006: Stockholm. Folkhälsoinstitutet, Resultat från Nationella folkhälsoenkäten 2006-2008

What about confidentiality? Jeremy (accompanied by his mother) at the GP: The GP: ”Mrs Duncan, can you step out a while, when I am talking to Jeremy?” The GP: ”Is she listening by the door?” Jeremy: What do you think?” From the door: ”No, I am not!

What about confidentiality? Many young people are worried about the confidentiality: that the doctor tells their parents The right to confidentiality regarding sexual health is emphasized in the Convention of the Rights of the Child (UN 1989). In practice: always confidentiality regarding sexual health Här är juridiken något snårig. Ungdomar har laglig rätt till sekretess även gentemot föräldrarna samtidigt som föräldrarna har rätt till insyn i barnets vård. Det blir ibland en individuell bedömning av barnets mognadsnivå och vad ärendet gäller. Tänk på att journal inte får lämnas ut till vårdnadshavare utan menbedömning. I praktiken anses sexuell hälsa (preventivmedel, klamydiaprov) som sådant som föräldrarna inte ska få veta (tänk ungdomsmottagning). Min (Johannas) egen kliniska erfarenhet säger att detta sällan är några problem. De allra flesta tonårsföräldrar accepterar att de inte får veta allt.

Chlamydia screening at Health Care Centre What did the staff think of talking sex with young patients? “Don’t ask. They can be angry and worried.” Engelska resultat (lägg till originalreferens)

What do young people say about chlamydia screening? ...just by offering it in a positive way, it is good for my health... GP or one of the staff should ask me about sex. Young people accept screening if it is offered by the staff

What do young people say about chlamydia screening at GP surgery? If it is normal to do the test it would be easier. Better to talk here than somewhere else The Health Care Centre is a suitable place for talking and testing

Fears about chlamydia screening ...I don´t want to be criticized... It depends on the person who offers the test, what they say and how they say. But they are worried about being accused...

Who shall ask? Anyone of the staff: in reception – give the card the nurse/midwife/doctor the laboratory staff

But how to ask? ”At this surgery we offer chlamydia test to everybody at your age. Do you want a test today?” Important to find your own words! Översta ordagrant från engelska studien.

Summary Offer every patient 15-24 years old a chlamydia test Screening is normal! You need be comfortable to offer a screening test Young people want to be asked The question takes not much time All staff can do it Questions?

Contacts www.STItraining.eu hans.fredlund@orebroll.se timmy.leijen@orebroll.se anne.lennell@orebroll.se johanna.haraldsson@gmail.com Phone: 019-602 3443, 602 3581 (Örebro)

Thank you!