Chapter 3-2. Reacting to Conquest Mweong-Mi? Prof. Jin-Wan Seo, Ph.D. Department of Public Administration University of Incheon, KOREA

1. Reacting to Conquest Obedience, Withdrawal, Violence _______________________ –Most people are so well conquered that they obey in all circumstances, because they feel society is just or will shift in their favor. Governments cannot achieve complete conquest and control. All governments devise ways of restraining dissidence that threatens to disrupt public life or endanger national security. Three Model of Reacting to Conquest! 1) The ______________ Model 2) The Revolution Model 3) The Rebellion Model

1) The Withdrawal Model Withdrawal: Adjustment to one's dissidence by removal of oneself from the society or from participation in the society Withdrawal includes emigration, forming communes, and escape through drugs. Government has little recourse in battling withdrawal. It can only punish those who violate laws in the course of withdrawing. Controlling emigration is risky, even though not controlling it may reflect poorly on the government.

2) The Revolution Model Revolution: An organized effort to change by force the regime, the rules by which the regime operates, and the social class and social values that prevail in the regime. Revolution is the most extreme reaction to conquest, involving a high degree of organization and the commitment to use force if necessary to change the regime. The absence of revolutionary efforts in the U.S. may be due to the fact that the country had no feudal tradition and was slow to develop a strong central government. Even so, the U.S. has experienced rebellion, which focuses on changing the behavior of the existing regime rather than changing the regime. Since the Revolution of 1789, the French have experienced a number of revolutionary movements. In France revolution is viewed as a rational - though extreme - reaction against political authority. In the U.S., the commitment to change has almost always taken the form of rebellion rather than revolution. Nonetheless, organized political violence is a strong theme throughout American history. Radicalism and political violence have characterized the American Revolution, the agrarian rebellion, the southern white rebellion, the labor movement, urban protest, and the struggle for civil rights. Most rebellions result in government intervention. Usually they succeed before they disappear.

3)The Rebellion Model Rebellion: The use of violence and disobedience to change the behavior of the existing regime Civil disobedience: Deliberate violation of the law in order to shock authorities into appreciating the anomaly or injustice of the law. Rebellion is an American tradition. In the U.S., even public officials react less violently to the threat of rebellion than to the threat of revolution, though both are violent. The growth of a highly centralized, massive government puts the future of this tradition in question, however. If the government is to maintain its stability, unthreatened by revolution, it must justify its control at every level. Citizens, in turn, must make sure each justification is given. They must be sure the forms government takes continue to deal with the contradiction inherent in incomplete conquest.