Presented By: Great Lakes Region FAASTeam Date: September 14, 2015 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeamFAASTeam

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 2 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 3 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 4 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 5 Federal Aviation Administration What else could have the airman done to increase their chances for a safe return? Airspeed – more is not always the best Move ballast further aft - In some instances, airman have moved passengers further aft to assist in the nose heavy situation. Example: Nose gear fail scenario

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 6 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Maintenance History –Check with Maintenance facility or owner –Check with other pilots who have flown –If no records, treat as if first time –Preflight as if for night flight CRM – Crew Resource Management –Working with what you’ve got –Working with who is available ATC Passengers Another Pilot Before and During Flight Thoughts:_________

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 7 Federal Aviation Administration Upset or Scenario based training –Understand and practice No flap or partial flap landings Slips and or Skids Minimum Control Airspeeds and maneuvers Trim Runaway Stuck Ailerons or Elevator Power configuration scenarios – partial or full power –Understand and utilize all control surfaces including: Doors and windows Spoilers and flaps Landing Gear Carburetor Heat and Magnetos Practice, Practice, Practice:_____________

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 8 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 9 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 10 Federal Aviation Administration The three P’s –Perceive –Perceive – What is your situation and how does this effect me and the aircraft, how serious is this event –Process –Process – Work the issue, evaluate. –Perform –Perform – Make a decision weather to proceed, Land as soon as practical or as soon as possible. You must always do one thing first…

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 11 Federal Aviation Administration Advanced Preflight Program –Basic rules to live by; Get to know your mechanic; –Safe practices, thorough, conscious, responsible Areas in particular; –Items not always covered in an AD or Service Bulletin Never assume the aircraft is ready to go; –Re-inspect oil filler caps –Re-inspect fuel caps secure –Re-inspect doors are secure if assisted in loading

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 12 Federal Aviation Administration This inspection is likely your last chance to determine the safe operational condition before flight.

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 13 Federal Aviation Administration After the Records Review:________ Advanced Preflight Program –Basic rules to live by; Look – does the item being inspected look right or move in the correct direction?; Listen – does the item make noise, is that normal? Feel – is the control moving smoothly, sticky, or jerky? “With control surfaces, you’ll want to apply movement with pressure against hinge points while looking for cracks, feeling for looseness or binding, and listening for any abnormal sounds”.

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 14 Federal Aviation Administration Manufacturers Checklist is only the beginning: –Checklists do not cover every item necessary for a thorough preflight: Fuel tank repair – ensure fuel is no longer leaking –Fuel cap seals Buckling or cracked paint – may reveal a failing part Wheel brakes – sufficient pad remaining? Tire pressure – Proper inflation? Aircraft skin damage due to collision (air/ground) De-Ice/Anti-Ice Equipment Condition Survival Equipment Go Kit? (Spare bulbs, Igniters, Tire, Oil, etc.)

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 15 Federal Aviation Administration About Tires:____________________ Mounted Tube-Type Tires A tube-type tire that has been freshly mounted and installed should be closely monitored during the first week of operation, ideally before every takeoff. Air trapped between the tire and the tube at the time of mounting will seep out under the beads, through sidewall vents or around the valve stem, resulting in an underinflated assembly.

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 16 Federal Aviation Administration Mounted Tubeless Tires A slight amount of gas diffusion through the liner material and casing of tubeless tires is normal. The sidewalls are purposely vented in the lower sidewall area to bleed off trapped gases, preventing separation or blisters. A tire/wheel assembly can lose as much as five percent (5%) of the inflation pressure in a 24-hour period and still be considered normal. If a soap solution is used to check leaks, it is normal for small amounts of bubbles to be observed coming from the vent holes.

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 17 Federal Aviation Administration Acceptable?...or…Not Acceptable?

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 18 Federal Aviation Administration Acceptable?...or…Not Acceptable?

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 19 Federal Aviation Administration Acceptable?...or…Not Acceptable?

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 20 Federal Aviation Administration For information on tire care:______ esources/pdf/aircraftmanual.pdf

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 21 Federal Aviation Administration Inspection & Maintenance Guidelines for Flush-Mounted Fuel Caps. Background: The Canadian Transportation Safety Board (TSB) Aviation Safety Information Letter A08W0197-D1-L1, identifies a lack of specific original equipment manufacturer (OEM) inspection and maintenance guidelines for flush- mounted fuel caps. Fuel caps from an accident aircraft were tested to simulate the fuel pressure within an aircraft fuel tank. No leakage is considered permissible. The fuel caps leaked by the axle and handle assembly with a minimum pressure of 0.5 psi. Following disassembly and inspection, O-rings on the axle shaft were found cracked and broken. The corrosion on the axle shafts indicated long-term exposure to moisture. (see attached photo).

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 22 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 23 Federal Aviation Administration FAA Advisory Circular AC (AC) is a good source of information regarding water contamination in aviation gasoline and jet fuel. The AC references 114 aircraft accidents due to the infiltration of water in the fuel supply. The probable cause in 85 of those accidents was due to inadequate preflight checks.

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 24 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 25 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 26 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 27 Federal Aviation Administration Think Twice about Circuit Breakers:_

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 28 Federal Aviation Administration On a flight in the accident airplane, the day before an accident, a pilot had a weather radar failure and a burning smell in the airplane. In response, the pilot turned off the weather radar and manually pulled the related circuit breaker. The burning smell went away according to the pilot’s entry in the airplane’s maintenance discrepancy binder. The pilot continued the flight with the circuit breaker pulled for another hour. Why we do what is necessary:____

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 29 Federal Aviation Administration Why we do what is necessary:____ The next day it is likely the pilots reset the weather radar C/B, restoring power to the weather radar system wiring. This is consistent with routine or the “Before Starting Engines” checklist. Then 10 minutes after takeoff, they announced a problem and crashed about two minutes later. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the most likely failure was from the weather radar and its associated wiring, which would be possible only if that crew reset the weather radar circuit breaker.

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 30 Federal Aviation Administration We recommend that all airplane owners and operators do the following: 1. Mark those essential for safety in flight.

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 31 Federal Aviation Administration 2. “Essential” C/Bs should be reset in flight only once if: a. after at least one minute; and b. there is no remaining smoke or “burning smell”; and c. the affected system and equipment is needed for the operational environment. 3. Do not reset any non-essential C/Bs in flight. We recommend that all airplane owners and operators do the following:

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 32 Federal Aviation Administration We recommend that all airplane owners and operators do the following: 4. Revise the preflight checklist to delete “Circuit breakers-In” if applicable and insert: “Check circuit breakers and if a circuit breaker is not set, do not reset the circuit breaker if there is a related maintenance malfunction.”

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 33 Federal Aviation Administration Remember:___________________ There is more than one type of circuit breaker, some even look like switches. Circuit Breaker (CB’s) CB Switches

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 34 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 35 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 36 Federal Aviation Administration Loss of Control Video_____________

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 37 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 38 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 39 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 40 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 41 Federal Aviation Administration Safety Program Managers for North Dakota: Jay M Flowers FAASTeam Program Manager Operations, North Dakota Fargo FSDO (701) Gary Kwasniewski FAASTeam Program Manager Airworthiness, North Dakota and South Dakota Fargo FSDO (701)

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 42 Federal Aviation Administration The Great Lakes Region FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) values your input. We would appreciate your feedback using the following link: _offices/avs/stakeholder_feedback/afs/field/

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 43 Federal Aviation Administration FLIGHT STANDARDS DISTRICT OFFICE, FARGO ND 4620 Amber Valley Parkway Fargo, ND 58104

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 44 Federal Aviation Administration

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 45 Federal Aviation Administration Recognizes outstanding individuals in their field roles of promoting aviation safety, education and professionalism

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 46 Federal Aviation Administration Winners will be recognized: Locally Regionally Nationally. National winners will be recognized during: EAA AirVenture in Oshkosh Winners will receive gifts and merchandise provided by sponsors and contributors.

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 47 Federal Aviation Administration Contact your local FAASTeam Program Manager or Flight Standards District Office for further information. Jay M. Flower FAASTeam, OPS Or Garry Kwasniewski FAASTeam, AWS Or FLIGHT STANDARDS DISTRICT OFFICE Fargo, North Dakota / 4620 Amber Valley Parkway Fargo, ND

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 48 Federal Aviation Administration This Years Sponsors:__________ Aircraft Electronics Association Aviation Maintenance Technician Society Aircraft Owners and Pilot’s Association Aeronautical Repair Station Association Experimental Aircraft Association Federal Aviation Administration General Aviation Manufacturers Association National Business Aviation Association National Association of State Aviation Officials Society of Aviation & Flight Educators Professional Aviation Maintenance Association Women in Aviation International

2012 Safety Stand Down – Don’t Be Surprised…Be Prepared 49 Federal Aviation Administration Applications are available at:____ - and -