九年级新目标 Unit 9 When was it invented? Section A

Which do you think is the most important invention in the world? What other can you think of? TV? telephome? radio? computer? caculator? car?

Do you know what are they? computer

radio

television

calculator

telephone

car

1a. Groupwork  Look at the things below. In what orders do you think they were invented? Number them [1-5]

1b.Listen and match the inventions with the dates a b

c d

1927 e

According to what you have listened, answer the questions below. 1. What did the grandma have when she was young? 2. Why didn’t they have a television at that time? 3. Does grandma have personal computer now? Telephone and car. Because it was expensive. Yes, she does.

1c. Pairwork When was the computer invented? I think it was invented in 1976.

______ Shoes with adjustable heels It’s used for scooping really cold ice cream. Right. It was invented by Chelsea Lanmon. _______ battery-operated slippers _______ heated ice cream scoop 2a.Listen and number the inventions in the order

2b.Listen again and match the items in columns. InventionWho was it/ were they invented by What is it/ are they used for? shoes with adjustable heels Chelsea Lanmonscooping really cold ice cream battery-operated sneakers Jayce Coziar and Jamie Ellsworth seeking in the dark heated ice cream scoop Julie Thompsonchanging the style of the shoes

2c. Pairwork What is it used for? It is used for seeing in the dark.

3a. Hate it or like it? alarm clock

camera

light bulb

microwave oven

refrigerator

3b. Pairwork A: what do you think is the most helpful invention? B: I think the most helpful invention is the computer. A: why is that? B: Because it helps me search the information that I need.

4. Groupwork  Imagine that you are alone on a tiny island. Choose five inventions you would like to have on the island with you.

A: I’d like to have a radio because I could listen to music all day. B: Yes, but that’s not going to help you leave the island. I think it would be better to have a telephone.

Explanation 1. It’s used for scooping really cold ice cream. be used for 意为 “ 被用来 ……”, 强调用途或作用。 e.g. The duster is used for cleaning the rooms. be used as 意为 ” 被当作 …… 来用 ” ，强调被当作工 具或手段来用。 be used by 意为 “ 被 …… 使用，强调使用者。 e.g. The big box is used as a table. The car is used by our manager.

2. Shoes with adjustable heels were invented by… (1) with 是介词，意为 ”“ 具有，持有，带有 ” 。 e.g. a girl with long hair a house with a blue roof (2) adjustable 意为 “ 可调整的，可调节的 ” 。 e.g. I have a pair of shoes with adjustable heels. (3) invent 是动词，意为 “ 发明，创造 ” 。 e.g. Edison invented the light bulb. invention 是名词， “ 发明，发明物 ” e.g. Edison had about 2,000 inventions during his lifetime.

3. Battery-operated slippers were invented by… operate 用法： (1) “ 操作 ” e.g. Can you operate the computer? (2)“ 起作用，见效果 ” e.g.The sleeping pill operated at once. (3)“ 经营，管理 ” e.g.The company operates ten factories. (4)“ 动手术 ” e.g.The doctor will operate on his mother next week.

4. annoying adj. 讨厌的, 恼人的 ( 往往指事物 ) e.g. How annoying it is! 真讨厌。 annoyed adj. 生气的, 恼怒的 ( 往往指人 ) e.g. My father is annoyed with me. 爸爸在生我气。

5. helpful adj. 有帮助的, 有益的 e.g. Mr. White is a very helpful man. 构词法： n + ful → adj e.g. use + ful → useful thank + ful → thankful beauty+ ful → beautiful care + ful → careful

6. Imagine that you are alone on tiny island. alone adj. 意为 “ 单独的 ”, 不带感情色彩。 e.g. When his wife died, he lived alone. lonely adj. 意为 “ 孤独的, 寂寞的 ” e.g. He feels lonely when he is alone. lonely 指地方时表示 “ 荒凉的, 偏僻的 ” e.g. The old man lives in a lonely small village.

7. I think it would be better to have… (1) would 在此处表示 “ 料想或猜想、揣测 ” ， 后接动词原形或完成式。 e.g. What would she be doing there? (2)It is better to do sth… “ 最好做 ……“ ， it 是 形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。 e.g. It is better for you to walk to school. It is better to do sth…=had better to do sth…

Grammar focus When was the car invented? It was invented in When were electric slippers invented? They were invented last year. Who were they invented by? They were invented by Julie Thompson. What are they used for?They’re used for seeing in the dark.

The passive voice 一、语态 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者, 在被动语态中动作 的执行者 有时用 by 短语表示出来. 二、被动语态的构成 助动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分词 am(is,are)+done 一般现在时 was(were)+done 一般过去时

三、被动语态的用法 1. 不知动作执行者时, 常用被动语态. eg. My bike was stolen yesterday. This car is made in American. 2. 不必要说出动作执行者时, 常用被动语态。 eg. Rome was not built in a day. 3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时, 常用被动语态. eg. Thousands of beaches are polluted.

四、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 : They speak English. 主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by them. 主语 谓语动词的过去分词 宾语

(1) 主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 (2) 主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语 动词，即 ”“be+ 及物动词的过去分词 ”(be 有 时态、人称和数的变化 ) 。 (3) 主动语态的主语变为 by 的宾语。 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤

主动语态改被动语态 Bellinventedthe telephonein wasby

五、被动语态的时态表示 被动语态的时态一般只通过 be 表现, 过去分词 不变。例如： 一般现在时 : The trees are planted by the farmers. 一般过去时 : The trees were planted by the farmers. 现在进行时 : The trees are being planted by the farmers.

一般将来时： The trees will be planted by the farmers. 现在完成时： The trees have been planted by the farmers. 含情态动词的被动语态： The trees can (must,should) be planted by the farmers.

六、被动语态的几种句型： 肯定句 主语 +be+ 过去分词 +(by…) A sweet song was sung by her on the stage. 否定句 主语 +be+not+ 过去分词 +(by…) A sweet song wasn’t sung by her on the stage. 一般疑问句 Be+ 主语 + 过去分词 +(by…) Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 +be+ 主语 + 过去分词 +(by…) Where was a sweet song sung by her?

 They produced that kind of car.  The workers built a bridge over the river.  Mother tells me a story every day. 请把下列主动句变为被动句。 That kind of car was produced by them. A bridge was built by the workers over the river. I am told a story by mother every day.

1. The woman asked the policeman for help. 2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday. 3. Do they use the box as a table? 4. She sent me a collection last week. 5. The teacher doesn’t teach us math this term. 练习 : 请把下列主动句变为被动句

6. Did Lily buy her sister a hat? 7. We often hear him play the violin at home. 8. The lazy boy didn’t wash clothes yesterday. 9. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. 10.When did your father took you to the park.

九年级新目标 Unit 9 When was it invented? Section B

How do they taste? crispy salty

crispy

sweet

sour sweet

soft

sweet soft

salty

1a. Fill in the blanks with the words given. sour sweet, crispy, salty, sour salty

1b. Write the name of a different food after each word. sweet: crispy: salty: sour: banana, apple, cake potato chips, salad pizza grape, lemon

2a.Listen and circle “T” or “F”.

1. The potato chips were invented by mistake. 2. They were invented in The customer thought the potatoes weren’t thin enough. 4. The customer said they weren’t salty enough. 5. George wanted to make the customer happy. 6. The customer was happy in the end. T F T F F T

The history of chips _____________ that potato chips were invented by mistake? Chips _____________ by a chef called George Crum. They were invented in _______. George Crum cooked them for a long time until they __________. And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were _____________. Did you know were invented 1853 were crispy really salty 2b. Listen again and complete the sentences.

2c. Pairwork A: Did you know potato chips were invented by mistake? B: Wow, I didn’t know that.Who invented them? A: it was invented by a chef called Geroge Crum.

3a.Read the article and answer the questions. Who invented tea?

1. What is the article about? 2. When was it invented? 3. Who was it invented by? 4. How was it invented? It is about the invention of tea. It was invented over three thousand years. It was in invented by Shen Nong. It was invented by accident.

Match them into sentences. The tea wasn’t brought to the western world until Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire Some leaves fell to the water The emperor decided to taste the hot mixture

3b. Write an article using the notes in the box. Who: college students What: metal pie plate, flying disk When: 1950s Where: bakery Bridgeport, Connecticut How: students eat pie, throw pie plates Today: clubs, magazines, festival

A sample version From pie plate to flying disk The flying disk was invented by college students. Flying disk is a metal pie plate. In the 1950s, several college students ate pies made by a bakery in Bridgeport, Connecticut. They found it interesting to throw the pie plates with each other. Then it became a game. Today, there are flying disk clubs, magazines and even a festival.

Explanation 1. Potato chips were invented by mistakes. mistake 作名词 “ 错误，误会 ” 。也可以作动词 “ 弄 错，犯错 ” 。常见形式有： make a mistake 出错 e.g. You have made a mistake here. mistake…for… 错把 …… 当作 …… They mistook him for his brother. by mistake 错误地 e.g. They sent the letter to me by mistake.

2. Geroge wanted to make the customer happy. make 表示 “ 使 …… 怎么样 ” ，其后常带复合宾 语。常见结构为：主语 +make+ 宾语 + 名词 / 形容词 ( 做宾补 ) 。例如： The boss can make the young man a rich man.

3. Did you know that tea…was invented by accident? by accident “ 偶然地，碰巧 ” 。同义词组 是 by chance ，同义词是 accidentally, 反义 词组是 on purpose. e.g. he found a new way to solve the problem by accident.

4. Although tea wasn’t brought to the western world until 1610, … (1) although 作连词, 意为 “ 虽然, 尽管 ”, 引导让 步状语从句, 我们不能根据汉语习惯, 在后 面使用连词 but, 不过它可以与 yet, still 连用 ; 若主从句的主语相同, 且从句谓语含有动词 be, 可将从句主语和动词 be 省略。 e.g. Although he is very busy, he always talks with us.

(2) not…until 意为 “ 直到 …… 才 ”until 引导一 个时间状语从句。 I did not go to bed until I finished my homework. 5. According to an ancient Chinese legend ， the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea… (1) according to 是个短语介词, 意为 “ 根 据 ……; 依照 ……” 后接代词, 名词或由疑问 词以及 whether 引出的名词性从句。

e.g. According to the radio, it will rain tomorrow. (2)discover 意为 “ 发现 ” ，指发现的对象是 本来存在的。 find 意为 “ 找到 ” ，强调结果。 invent 意为 “ 发明 ” ，发明的对象是以前没 有的东西。

6. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. (1)nearby adj. “ 附近的 “ ， e.g. He works in a nearby factory. (2)leaf 的复数形式为 leaves (3)remain 表示 “ 继续留在某处 ” e.g. How long will you remain here? (4) fall into “ 落入, 陷入 ” e.g. He was drunk and fell into the water

用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. The TV ____________ (invent) around They are used for _______ (see) in the park. 3. This kite _________ (make) by Uncle Wang. 4. Tea ______________ (discover) a long time ago. 5. Our classroom _________________ (should clean) every day. was invented seeing was made was discovered should be cleaned

Homework Write an article using the notes in the box on Page 72.