 IMPERIALISM ◦ Stronger country taking over a weaker country  NATIONALISM ◦ Pride in your country/nationality  MILITARISM ◦ Glorification of the military  SECRET ALLIANCE SYSTEM ◦ Secret friendships that countries have saying they will help them in times of war/crisis

 Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophia by the a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand.

 England  France  Russia  Italy  U.S.

 Germany  Austria - Hungary  Ottoman Empire  Bulgaria

 Lusitania ◦ British luxury liner sunk by the Germans; 1,198 killed…128 Americans  Sussex Pledge ◦ Germany pledged not to target passenger ships  Resumptions of Submarine Warfare

 Kinship with Britain due to common language, culture, and history  Friendship with France dating back to revolutionary war support

 Dislike of Germany’s militarism  Attempted sabotage in U.S.  Zimmerman Note – plot to draw Mexico into war against U.S.

 America, due to British blockade of Germany, sold goods to Allies  Lent money to Allies & would only get it back if Allies won the war

 Wilson’s proclamation to “make the world safe for democracy” and a “war to end all wars”

 If Germany were victorious, it would have replaced democratic England as the dominate power in Europe.  It would leave U.S. without allies on the continent

 ALWAYS IN TIMES OF WAR/CRISIS, THE POWER OF THE PRESIDENT INCREASES!!!!

 Improve production by encouraging mass production

 Settled disputes between management & labor  Agreed not to strike

 Operated nations RR’s as a single system

 Regulated supplies of coal & oil

 Encouraged America to eat corn and send their wheat abroad  Farmers produced more (supplied the world)

 Raised taxes, both income and excise  Borrow money through bonds called Liberty & Victory

Selective Service Act  Required all men, ages 18 – 45 to register for military service American Contributions  America comes to the rescue with fresh troops and supplies (HUGE)

1. Self – determination of nationalists 2. Freedom of the seas 3. Right of nations to free trade 4. Fair adjustments of colonial territories 5. End to secret alliances 6. Arms reduction – reduce weapon production 7. Formation of the LEAGUE OF NATIONS

Wilson – U.S. Orlando – Italy Lloyd George – England Clemenceau - France

 War guilt – Germany blamed for the war ◦ Germany had to take full responsibility for the war  Germany had to pay reparations = to $33 billion  Germany lost her colonial possessions  Germany was demilitarized  Each nation had to join the League of Nations

Read the case sheet and answer the questions.

 Would end U.S. isolation  Wilson did not include Senate Republicans

 Did not include all major nations (U.S.)  Lacked power to tax & draft army  Decisions required unanimous vote

 Strikes blamed on communists  Attorney Gen. Palmer organized raids of suspected “Reds”  Thousands of “suspected” Communists arrested & deported

 Distrust of immigrants being radical & taking jobs  Favored immigration from N. & W. Europe Sacco – Vanzetti Trial ◦ Two Italian born anachists are put to death for robbery & murder. Weak evidence, many believed they were convicted b/c they were Italian

 Many blacks go north to avoid segregation & find jobs

 Klan membership rises  Becomes politically active