States of Matter Chapter 22

Matter Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter is made of particles like atoms, molecules, and ions. These particles are constantly in motion. The amount of motion and the attraction to other particles determines the state of matter.

States of Matter There are 4 states of matter. Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma Solid, Liquid, and Gas are the most common on Earth.

Plasma Plasma is more common outside of Earth. On Earth it can be found at very high temperatures, in items such as fire and lightning.

Solids Objects that are solid have a definite shape and a definite volume. There are 2 types of solids.

Solids Crystalline Solids are solids that are arranged in a repeating, three dimensional pattern. Examples- Salt, Diamonds, Sugar

Solids Amorphous Solids- are solids that do not have crystal structures. These have particles that are in a random arrangement. Examples- Rubber, Glass, Plastic

Solids Which of these represent a good example of a crystalline and amorphous solid? Why?

Liquid Liquid is matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape. The reason that a liquid can have different is because the particles can move freely. They have enough energy to move apart but not enough to move far apart.

Viscosity Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flow. Which tube has the highest viscostiy? Which tube has the lowest viscosity?

Surface Tension Surface Tension is the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid. So what does this mean? How can we see this?

Gas Gas is matter that does not have a specific shape or a specific volume. Gas takes on the shape and spreads to fill the volume of its container. Gases can be called vapor if they are solid or liquid at room temperature.

Changes in Matter We know what the changes are between states of matter... How do we change between states of matter?

Energy The total energy (potential and kinetic) is called thermal energy. If there is equal amounts of a substance, the warmer substance has more thermal energy.

Temperature and Heat Temperature is the average amount of kinetic energy. Heat is the movement of energy between two objects. Heat travels from warmer objects to cooler objects.

Learning Check Draw a Venn Diagram for the properties of the states of matter. A scientist places 25 mL of a yellow substance into a 50 mL container. The substance quickly expands to fill the entire container. What state of matter is it in? How are thermal energy and temperature different? Explain how energy is moving when you touch something and it feels cold.