Matter Notes

What is matter ? 9/14/2015 2

Matter- anything that has mass and volume. 9/14/2015 3

4 Physical Properties Can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter.

9/14/ Example: You don’t change the identity of an apple to find it’s volume or see that it is red

9/14/ Thermal Conductivity: The rate at which a substance transfers thermal energy (heat) Example: Cup of hot chocolate warms your hands

9/14/ Solubility: The ability of a substance to dissolve into another substance. Example: Lemonade mix dissolves into water

9/14/ Ductility: The ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire. Example: Copper Wire is ductile

9/14/ Malleability: The ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets. Example: Aluminum can be rolled into sheets to make aluminum foil

9/14/ You use physical properties all the time. For example, physical properties help determine if your socks are clean (odor) or if you can fit all your books into your backpack (volume).

Metals Nonmetals Metalloids 9/14/

Metals Silver/ gray in color (except for Copper and Gold) Have luster (shiny) Hard, solid (except for Mercury which is a liquid) Malleable and Ductile Good conductors of electricity and heat 9/14/

Metals can oxidize- react to Oxygen and rust forms Examples of Metals: Nickel, Titanium, Tungsten, Tin, Iron 9/14/

Nonmetals Not able to conduct electricity or heat Are not malleable or ductile Many are gas and a few are solid Examples: Helium, Oxygen, Chlorine, Neon 9/14/

Metalloids Solid Located on stair step between metals and nonmetals on periodic table. Have properties of metals and nonmetals Semi- conductors 9/14/

Examples: Boron, Arsenic 9/14/

Density A physical property, a measurement The mass per unit volume Density = mass volume D= m v 9/14/

Density Practice 9/14/

9/14/ Practice Problems Example: What is the density of an object with a mass of 20g and with a volume of 10 mL? D= ? 1. Write the equation D= m v

9/14/ Replace m and V with numbers D= 20g = 10mL 2 g/mL

9/14/ Example 2: What is the density of an object with mass of 35 g and with volume is 7 cm3? Write the steps and solve yourself.

9/14/ D= m v 2. D= 35g 7cm3 3. D= 5 g/cm3

Chemical Property NOTES 9/14/

9/14/ Chemical Property Describes matter based on its ability to change into new matter with different properties.

Example: Wood can be burned to create new matter (ash and smoke) 9/14/

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9/14/ Flammability- The ability to burn Ex: Wood, plastic

Non-flammability - Substances or objects that will not burn Example: Pots & pans 9/14/

9/14/ Just so you know…. Reactivity the ability of 2 or more substances to combine & form a new substance

9/14/ Reactivity with Oxygen- When metal is exposed to oxygen and changes. Ex: Rusty nail, Statue of Liberty

Non-reactivity with oxygen: Substances or objects that will not rust. Ex: The bumper on a car 9/14/

How are physical and chemical properties different? 9/14/

9/14/ What’s the difference? Physical Properties- Can be measured or observed and do NOT change what something is made of.

Chemical Properties: Describes how something will react. DOES change the chemical nature of matter 9/14/

9/14/ Physical Change A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. Example: Breaking a piece of chalk in two pieces.

9/14/ Examples of Physical Changes Freezing water for ice cubes Sanding a piece of wood Cutting your hair

9/14/ Bending a paper clip Melting a stick of butter

9/14/ Chemical Change Two or more substances are changed into a new substance Not the same as Chemical Properties

9/14/ Remember…… Chem. Props just describe the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change

9/14/ Signs of a Chemical Change Changes in color Heat is produced Fizzing and Foaming Sound is produced Gas is produced Light is produced Change in smell

9/14/ What happens during a chemical change? When you bake a cake, you combine eggs, flour, sugar, oil, and other ingredients. Each ingredient has its own set of properties But if you mix all the ingredients together, you get something completely different.

9/14/ The heat of the oven and the interaction of the cake ingredients cause a chemical change.

Physical Change: A change in appearance only; DOES NOT CHANGE the identity of the matter Examples: Size change Shape change State change ( solid to liquid) 9/14/

Chemical Change: Produces new matter with different properties. The identity of the matter DOES change Examples: Color Change Heat produced or removed Fizzing & Foaming Smell Change Light/ Sound Produced 9/14/

Endothermic Energy is gained by a substance -Think “endo”= enter Example: Ice melting into liquid water. The molecules gain energy and speed up 9/14/

Exothermic Energy is removed from, or taken out of, a substance. Can give off heat Think “exo” = exit Example: Water freezing to a solid. The molecules lose energy and slow down. 9/14/

9/14/ States of Matter Notes - Physical forms in which a substance can exist Solid Liquid Gas

9/14/ Solid definite shape definite volume Molecules are very close together Molecules vibrate in place

9/14/ Examples Rock Tree Loaf of bread Puppy Iron Cell Phone i-pod

9/14/ Liquid No definite shape; takes the shape of its container Ex: When you pour water from a beaker into a graduated cylinder does it stay in the shape of the beaker? Nope! definite volume

9/14/ Molecules move around Examples: Coffee Water

9/14/ Gas No definite shape No definite volume

Molecules completely break away from each other. There is empty space between the molecules. 9/14/

Examples Hydrogen Oxygen Helium 9/14/

9/14/ Plasma No definite shape or volume Molecules have broken apart

Conduct electric currents;GASES DON’T Examples: Auroras Lightning Stars Fluorescent Lights 9/14/

Changes in State 9/14/

Melting Solid to Liquid Energy Increases Example: Ice melting into water. 9/14/

Freezing Liquid to Solid Energy decreases Example: Water freezing into ice. 9/14/

Evaporation Liquid to Gas Energy Increases Example: Boiling water changes into steam. 9/14/

Condensation Gas to liquid Energy decreases Example: Dew on the grass in the morning 9/14/

Sublimation Solid to Gas Energy Increases Example: Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimes into a white gas. 9/14/