Conditioning. Classical Conditioning Where associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral (learned) stimulus.

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Presentation transcript:

Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Where associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral (learned) stimulus.

CC Vocab Stimulus- something that elicits a response Response- reaction to a stimulus Unconditioned Stimulus- stimulus that naturally elicits a response Unconditioned Response- automatic, natural response to a stimulus Conditioned Stimulus- a previously neutral stimulus that is now associated with a natural response Conditioned Response- a learned response to a stimulus

Emotional Conditioning Example: Loud noise automatically elicits the response of a fast heart-rate. Little Albert, the white rat, and a loud noise.

Little Albert– BANG!!!!!

EC Vocab Stimulus Generalization: Process of a response spreading from one stimuli to another which resembles the first Extinction: Gradual loss of association between stimuli and response Spontaneous Recovery: Sudden, unexplained reappearance of an extinguished response

Operant Conditioning

Conditioning that results from individual’s actions and the consequences they cause.

Operant Conditioning Voluntary Response Reinforcement Repeat Voluntary Response Lift extra weights at practice: Score winning touchdown: Go back and lift more

Reinforcements Primary Reinforcement: Something necessary for psychological or physical survival that is used as a reward Secondary Reinforcement: Anything that comes to represent a primary reinforcer (winning)

Reinforcements Positive Reinforcement: A reinforcement that strengthens a response by following it with the addition of something positive. Negative Reinforcement: A reinforcement that strengthens a response by following it the removal of something unpleasant

Positive/ Negative Reinforcement

Punishment Punishment and Negative Reinforcement are DIFFERENT. Punishment is the process of weakening a response by following it with unpleasant consequences.

Chaining– reinforce each step of a back walkover

Shaping– teaching step by step a skill that takes many phases to learn Synchronized Diving

Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement– reinforcement given each time a behavior occurs Schedules of Reinforcement—different methods of reinforcing Partial Reinforcement Schedule—reinforcement not given each time a behavior occurs Variable Ratio Schedule Fixed Ratio Schedule Variable Interval Fixed Interval

Variable Ratio Schedule– reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed a specific but variable number of times.

Fixed Ratio Schedule– reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed a fixed number of times.

Variable Interval Schedule– reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed following a variable amount of time.

Fixed Interval Schedule– reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed following a fixed amount of time.

Classical v. Operant

Social Learning

Learning from the behaviors of others

Observational Learning A form of social learning where an organism observes and imitates the behavior of others.

The Scapegoats Who caused the… Versailles Treaty? Great Depression? World-wide Humiliation?

Versailles Treaty The Signing The split of Germany

The Great Depression

Anti-Semitic Propaganda

Krystal Nacht

The Nuremburg Laws

Genocide

Milgram Experiment on Obedience

Cognitive Psychology & Learning Cognitive Approach: The study of learning that emphasizes abstract mental processes and previous knowledge.

CA Vocab Latent Learning: Learning that is not obvious but takes place under the surface Expectancies: Beliefs about our abilities to perform an action and get the desired reward Reinforcement Value: The preference of one type of reinforcement over another (Kanye tickets vs. Dave Matthews, you will work harder for the one you like) Cognitive Map: A mental image of where one is located in space Strategies: Methods for solving problems

Latent Learning

Expectancies

Reinforcement Value Which one do you want more?

Cognitive Map

Strategies PROBLEM: Get the number 4 ANSWERS: 2+2 or 4-2

Review Classical Learning: Learning by Association Operant Conditioning: Learning through Reinforcements Social Learning: Learning by observing and imitating Cognitive Learning: Learning through mental processes I am terrified of rodents!! Use each one of these ways to explain why I might be.