Learning Definition: A relatively permanent change in behavior potential caused by experience or practice. Different from warmup, fatigue, motivation,

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Learning Definition: A relatively permanent change in behavior potential caused by experience or practice. Different from warmup, fatigue, motivation, development Behaviorism & Environment S-R = Stimulus-Response Conditioning = Learning Classical & Operant Other Approaches: Cognitive Physiological Observational Learning

Classical Conditioning (Pavlovian) Pavlov’s Studies Gastric Responses Discovered Learned Responses Terminology: US = Unconditioned Stimulus UR = Unconditioned Response CS = Conditioned Stimulus CR = Conditioned Response

Stages of Classical Conditioning 1. Before Learning 2. During Learning 3. Learned 4. Extinction (forgetting) 5. Spontaneous Recovery 6. Stimulus Generalization US UR CS no response US + CS UR (many times) CS (alone) CR CS doesn’t CR CS CR after extinction CS CR

Operant Conditioning Consequences control behavior Rewards & Punishment S-R = Stimulus-Response Reinforcement: Strengthens behavior Punishment: Weakens behavior Extinction & Spontaneous Recovery Discrimination Learning

Basic Training Procedures GoodBad ProvideReinforcement (+) Punishment (-) RemovePunishment (-)Negative Reinforcement (+)

Operant Conditioning (Continued) Shaping Successive approximations to goal behavior Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous vs. Partial Partial Reinforcement Schedules –Interval vs. Ratio –Fixed vs. Variable Resistance to extinction