Take out 6.1 Notes and Periodic Table! Tuesday Nov 4th-Week 13 TOPIC: Atoms, Elements, & Compounds  OBJ : 1-4 DO NOW: EXT: DUE DATE: DW: 6.1 Notes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXIT: Fill in your level of understanding AND Explain what an enzyme is and how it is used in biology/chemistry. (use your book pages) Science of Life Take out 6.1 Notes and Periodic Table! -6.1 Notes HANDOUTS to PICK-UP: -6.2 Book Pages TURN IN to ABS box: SEMINAR 2: BEFORE/AFTER SCHOOL: DW-None ABSENT AGENDA

TUESDAY DO NOW Q: What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond?   Tuesday: ___11__/__4___ OBJECTIVE…#_1-4_____ TOPIC: Atoms, Elements, & Compounds Daily Work Grade- NONE DW GRADE: 2 1 0 DO NOW Q: What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond? A: Covalent bonds share electrons, and ionic bonds donate electrons.

Today’s Objectives 1---IDENTIFY / DIAGRAM parts of an atom   2---DIFFERENTIATE & RECOGNIZE relationships of atoms, elements, molecules, compounds 3---UTILIZE the periodic table to identify atomic structures of elements (CHOPN- characteristics) 4---COMPARE / CONTRAST covalent bonds and ionic bonds

These should be done by test day! Vocabulary -atom -nucleus -proton -neutron -electron -element -compound -molecule -covalent bond -ion -ionic bond These should be done by test day!

Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms MAIN IDEA: Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms

ATOMS: smallest unit of matter -2 parts: nucleus & orbitals 1-NUCLEUS: made of protons & neutrons 2-ORBITALS: area surrounding the nucleus -where electrons spin at amazing speeds

ATOMS / STRUCTURE PROTONS: -p+ -located inside the nucleus -positive electric charge -relative size = 1 -ATOMIC # = # protons -unique to each element

ATOMS / STRUCTURE NEUTRONS: -n -located inside the nucleus -no electric charge -relative size = 1 -n= atomic mass – atomic #

ATOMS / STRUCTURE ELECTRON: -e- -located inside orbitals around the nucleus -negative electric charge -relative size = 1/1836 -has virtually no mass -#e = #p (in a stable atom)

ATOMS / STRUCTURE electron e- proton nucleus neutron orbitals e p+ n

ATOMS / ORBITALS -electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels -electrons are constantly spinning like fan blades -electrons switch places in energy levels -each energy level can hold a certain # of electrons level 1 – 2 electrons level 2 – 8 electrons level 3 – 18 electrons level 4 – 32 electrons

ATOMS / BOHR MODEL energy levels/# e- 1 - 2 2 - 8 3 - 18 4 - 32

ATOMS / ORBITALS No-it has 6 but can hold up to 8 IDENTIFY the # of electrons in the outermost energy level of the oxygen atom.____ DETERMINE: Is the 2nd energy level of the oxygen atom full? EXPLAIN: No-it has 6 but can hold up to 8

ATOMS / VALENCE ELECTRONS -electrons in outer energy level -# valence electrons same as representative group -electrons involved in chemical bonds SEE PERIODIC TABLE 1-NUMBER the REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS (FAMILIES) - 1A thru 8A *GROUP # = # of valence electrons (e-)   2-NUMBER the PERIODS 1 thru 7 *PERIOD # = # of energy levels needed for the electrons

PERIODIC TABLE of ELEMENTS Representative groups #1-8

ATOMS / LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS -represent valence electrons -use element symbol -dots represent valence electrons Cl Na P N

ELEMENTS: pure substance -can not be broken down into other substances -not physically / not chemically -atoms of the SAME element -same atomic # -same # p+ and e- #p = #e overall neutral charge (NO charge) -PERIODIC TABLE -see handout -atoms of same element: -same ATOMIC # -same p /e atomic # = p = e

ELEMENTS / ISOTOPES -ISOTOPES -atoms of same element that have different # n -different ATOMIC MASS -EX OXYGEN

ELEMENTS / RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES -RADIOACTIVIE ISOTOPES -still no charge -changing # n affects the stability of nucleus -causes decay/break apart -Carbon-14 is radioactive- -C-14 is found in all living things -½ life: time for ½ to decay -Calculate the age of an object by finding how much C-14 remains APPLY: Another carbon isotope has 6 protons and 8 neutrons in its nucleus. What is this carbon isotope called? ___________________ carbon-14

-Specific combination of elements -fixed ratio COMPOUNDS- pure substance / 2 > elements combine -Specific combination of elements -fixed ratio -chemically/physically different -than elements they are made of -can NOT be broken down by physical means -CAN be broken down chemically DRAW CONCLUSIONS: Table salt is a compound made of sodium and chlorine. Could you separate the sodium from the chlorine by crushing the salt crystals? ______ EXPLAIN: NO compound cannot be broken down by physical means

CHEMICAL BONDS VIDEO CLIP- chemical bonds

O + C + O  C O CHEMICAL BONDS / COVALENT *GOAL: 8 e- in the outer shell of each atom -electrons are SHARED between 2 atoms -NON-METALS bond with NON-METALS (neither non-metal wants to give up e-) -forms a MOLECULE Example: O + C + O  C O

Na + Cl  NaCl CHEMICAL BONDS / IONIC *GOAL: 8 e- in the outer shell of each atom -electrons are TRANSFERRED between 2 atoms -METALS bond with NON-METALS (metals give up e- easily) -forms a MOLECULE Example: Na + Cl  NaCl

IONS: atom that TRANSFERS electron lose an electron  positive charge gain an electron  negative charge CATION (+)Element gives up e- in the outer shell -atom becomes a positively charged ion ANION (-)Element gains the e- in their outer shell -atom becomes a negatively charge ion

REVIEW / PRACTICE p + n

REVIEW / PRACTICE

EXIT FILL-IN: level of understanding of today’s objective    EXIT: Explain what an enzyme is and how it is used in biology/chemistry. (use your book pages)