Conflicts in the Colonies Chapter 4.4 Trouble on the Frontier  Section objectives: Describe relations between English colonists and American Indians Analyze the reasons why French and English colonists were often at war Explain how the French and Indian War affected the British colonies

Relations with the American Indians  As time went on, relations between the Indians and colonists grew tense/untrusting Colonists called the Indian Chief “King Philip” because he compared himself to King Charles I Indians wanted to protect their land from the colonists King Philip’s War ( )  Fighting between Wampanoag Indians & Allies vs. Colonists Colonial militia fought the Indians –Final tally: 600 colonists dead/3000 Indians dead VIDEO1 VIDEO

King Phillips’s War

Trade Alliances  Not all Indians fought the colonists Trade alliances made some tribes and colonists dependant upon each other. As a result: –French allied themselves with the Algonquian and Huron Indians –English allied themselves with the Iroquois Conflicts with France  King William’s War (War of the League of Augsburg) Fought in the frontier; didn’t change borders VIDEO2VIDEO  Queen Anne’s War (War of Spanish Succession) England against France & Spain English capture Port Royal in Canada/burned St. Augustine England received Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay VIDEO 3 VIDEO

 Kings George’s War (War of Austrian Succession) Little impact on America -Video 4Video Forts in the Ohio Valley  France wanted to protect the fur trade  England wanted in on the action France –Built forts near rivers (Ohio Valley Region) –Robert Dinwiddie (Virginia’s Lt. Governor) sent George Washington to tell French to leave; they replied “No” –Led to increased tensions

French and Indian War (Seven Years War) (England & Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria)  Advantages France –Strong central government, strategically placed forts, well trained troops, extensive alliances with Indians England –Large colonial population, better navy, stronger economy, allied with Iroquois  Many colonists realized that each colony being independent is a weakness in time of war – sent delegates to Albany, New York to work out a plan Ben Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union –Unite under one President General and a grand council –This was rejected

Political Cartoon!!!!! Albany Plan of the Union

While delegates were meeting in Albany, George Washington was fighting in the Ohio River Valley  Fort Necessity Built by Washington and his men after being kicked out of Fort Duquesne site –Many of Washington’s troops killed in battle with French –Washington surrendered July 4, 1754 Due to alleged ineffectiveness of colonial soldiers, King George send General Ed Braddock to command British forces in North America –British don’t trust colonial soldiers; fight in their traditional way - massacred

Fight for Canada  Many more British defeats but eventually French lose some Indian allies Fort Duquesne eventually taken by the British and renamed Fort Pitt (today Pittsburgh  ) Turning point came when British General James Wolfe captured Quebec Treaty of Paris  Changes the balance of power in North America British gain all land east of Mississippi River (except New Orleans); get Florida from Spanish Spain only European competitor in North America VIDEO 5, VIDEO 6VIDEO

The Albany State of the Union Song D0iWQ