The American Constitution: The American Constitution and the Party System Mr. Phipps U.S. History Mr. Phipps U.S. History

Objectives 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation and its attempts to realize the philosophy of government described in the Declaration of Independence Analyze the ideological origins of the American Revolution, the Founding Fathers' philosophy of divinely bestowed unalienable natural rights, the debates on the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, and the addition of the Bill of Rights Understand the history of the Constitution after 1787 with emphasis on federal versus state authority and growing democratization Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation and its attempts to realize the philosophy of government described in the Declaration of Independence Analyze the ideological origins of the American Revolution, the Founding Fathers' philosophy of divinely bestowed unalienable natural rights, the debates on the drafting and ratification of the Constitution, and the addition of the Bill of Rights Understand the history of the Constitution after 1787 with emphasis on federal versus state authority and growing democratization.

The Great Debate  Constitution continued debate within the states over states’ rights, individual rights, and functional organization  Broke United States into TWO political parties: Federalists and Anti-Federalists  Constitution continued debate within the states over states’ rights, individual rights, and functional organization  Broke United States into TWO political parties: Federalists and Anti-Federalists

Chronology  1774: First Continental Congress  1775: Battle of Lexington, Battle of Concord, Second Continental Congress  1776: Declaration of Independence written and sent  1777: Third Continental Congress, Articles of Confederation drafted  1781: Articles of Confederation signed  1783: Treaty of Paris signed, ending war  1787: Committee to revise Articles of Confederation -->Constitutional Convention  1788: Constitution ratified  1774: First Continental Congress  1775: Battle of Lexington, Battle of Concord, Second Continental Congress  1776: Declaration of Independence written and sent  1777: Third Continental Congress, Articles of Confederation drafted  1781: Articles of Confederation signed  1783: Treaty of Paris signed, ending war  1787: Committee to revise Articles of Confederation -->Constitutional Convention  1788: Constitution ratified

On paper: Draw a T-Chart to describe what you see. Whose perspective is this from?

The Birth of Political Parties: The Players Federalists Alexander Hamilton  Beliefs in Government  Rule by rich and well educated  New government should favor merchants, manufacturers, and lawyers  Strong central government with a strong president  Favored industry  Wanted strong alliance with Britain  Centralized banking and create debt spending  Cynical  Loose interpretation of the Constitution  The North Federalists Alexander Hamilton  Beliefs in Government  Rule by rich and well educated  New government should favor merchants, manufacturers, and lawyers  Strong central government with a strong president  Favored industry  Wanted strong alliance with Britain  Centralized banking and create debt spending  Cynical  Loose interpretation of the Constitution  The North Anti-Federalists Thomas Jefferson  Beliefs in Government  Rule by everybody  New government should favor farmers, artisans, and poor classes  Weak central government, power given to the states to reflect individual interests  Favored agriculture and farming  Wanted strong alliance with France  Low taxes, small tariffs  Idealistic  Strict interpretation of the Constitution  The South

Match the quote with the Party: Federalist or Anti-Fed? 1.“Your people, sir, are beasts…Take mankind in general, they are vicious.” 2.“The sheep are happier of themselves, than under the care of wolves.” 3.“Rich should be in charge, because they can’t be bribed.” 4.“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” 5.“All societies need a governing class.” 6.“All men are created equal.” 1.“Your people, sir, are beasts…Take mankind in general, they are vicious.” 2.“The sheep are happier of themselves, than under the care of wolves.” 3.“Rich should be in charge, because they can’t be bribed.” 4.“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” 5.“All societies need a governing class.” 6.“All men are created equal.”

Who are you? Consider the times and these beliefs: What political party would you support? The Federalists or the Anti-Federalists? Explain your answer.

Political Vocabulary  Ratify: To agree to, To sign  Amend: To add to  Veto: To refuse to sign  Bill: Proposed law  Suffrage: Right to vote  Bicameral: Two house congress  Impeachment: Removal from office  Cabinet: Advisors to the President  Ratify: To agree to, To sign  Amend: To add to  Veto: To refuse to sign  Bill: Proposed law  Suffrage: Right to vote  Bicameral: Two house congress  Impeachment: Removal from office  Cabinet: Advisors to the President

The American Constitution  Constitution divided into two parts  Articles--rights of government (7 Articles)  Amendments--rights of individual (27 Amendments)  Constitution divided into two parts  Articles--rights of government (7 Articles)  Amendments--rights of individual (27 Amendments)

Government and Man  Articles I-III  Separates power into three branches of government  Art. I-Leg.; Art. II- Exec.; Art. III-Judic.  Articles IV-VII  Power of Law  Power of Constitution  Articles I-III  Separates power into three branches of government  Art. I-Leg.; Art. II- Exec.; Art. III-Judic.  Articles IV-VII  Power of Law  Power of Constitution  Amendments I-X  Bill of Rights  Amendment XI-XII  Organization of Government  Amendment XIII-XV  Civil Rights Amendments  Slave Amendments  Amendments XVI-XIX  Progressive Amendments  Amendments XX-XXI  New Deal Amendments  Amendments XXII-XXVII  Great Society Amendments

Article I: The Legislature A.K.A. Congress, The Legislative Branch, The Lawmakers  Bicameral  Upper House=Senate (2 per state, 100 total)  6 year term  Led by Speaker of the House  Lower House=House of Representatives (proportional to population, 435 total--CA has 54)  2 year term  Led by Speaker of the House  President of Congress=Vice President of the United States of America The U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C.

Legislative Powers  Make laws  Collect taxes  Borrow and coin money  Establish immigration policy  Declare war and raise armies  Approves treaties  Control interstate activities (trade, marriage, etc)  ****To do ANYTHING NECESSARY AND PROPER (The Elastic Clause)  Make laws  Collect taxes  Borrow and coin money  Establish immigration policy  Declare war and raise armies  Approves treaties  Control interstate activities (trade, marriage, etc)  ****To do ANYTHING NECESSARY AND PROPER (The Elastic Clause) Congress works at the Capitol Building in Washington D.C.

 Why is the power to “do anything necessary and proper” called the Elastic Clause?  What are the benefits and problems of this power?  Why is the power to “do anything necessary and proper” called the Elastic Clause?  What are the benefits and problems of this power?

California’s Contribution Barbara Boxer, Democrat Diane Feinstein, Democrat

How YOU can be a Congress- person!  Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate)  Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in your state  Have a lot of money for campaign  Be independently wealthy  Have people contribute money/support campaign  Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate)  Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in your state  Have a lot of money for campaign  Be independently wealthy  Have people contribute money/support campaign What would make you run for a political office?

Article II: The Executive  A.K.A. The President, The Commander-in- Chief, The Pres.  Term: 4 years, 2 term limit  President  Vice President  Cabinet (Sec. of State, etc.)  A.K.A. The President, The Commander-in- Chief, The Pres.  Term: 4 years, 2 term limit  President  Vice President  Cabinet (Sec. of State, etc.)

Executive Power  Commander-in-Chief of American military  Execute law, sign/veto law  Make treaties  Appoint judges

How YOU can be the Pres.  Be at least 35 years old  Be a natural born citizen  Live in the U.S. for at least 14 years  Have even more money for campaign than Congress-person  Be at least 35 years old  Be a natural born citizen  Live in the U.S. for at least 14 years  Have even more money for campaign than Congress-person

 What other qualifications should their be to be a president? List as many attributes/abilities as possible (min. 10).  What would it take for you to take the job of being president?  What other qualifications should their be to be a president? List as many attributes/abilities as possible (min. 10).  What would it take for you to take the job of being president?

Article III: The Judicial  A.K.A. The Bench, The Courts, The Judiciary  Term: Life  Organization:  Constitution  Supreme Court  Federal Courts  State Courts  A.K.A. The Bench, The Courts, The Judiciary  Term: Life  Organization:  Constitution  Supreme Court  Federal Courts  State Courts

Judicial Power  Interprets law  Reviews “constitutionality” of laws  Reviews lower court cases  Preserves balance against political parties

Interpretation “Loose Interpretation”  A.K.A. “Loose Construction of Constitution”  Interpretation of Constitution must be flexible  People change, society changes, technology changes-- >Constitution must adapt  What the Constitution doesn’t say EXPLICITY, the branches of government can do  “Federalists” “Liberals” “Loose Interpretation”  A.K.A. “Loose Construction of Constitution”  Interpretation of Constitution must be flexible  People change, society changes, technology changes-- >Constitution must adapt  What the Constitution doesn’t say EXPLICITY, the branches of government can do  “Federalists” “Liberals” “Strict Interpretation”  A.K.A. “Strict Construction of Constitution”  Constitution should remain the constant  The Constitution must be the measure of social, ethical, and moral change  Government can ONLY do what the Constitution EXPLICITLY says  “Anti-Federalists” “Conservatives”

Separation of Power

Checks and Balances

The Political Spectrum