INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING Soyiba Jawed

COURSE CONTENTS - CHAPTERS Fundamentals of Computer Computer Evolution Computer System Organization Programming Languages Information system Development Operating Systems and Utility Programs Compilers and Language Translation Data Communication and Networks Cont’d…..

COURSE CONTENTS - CHAPTERS Internet and World Wide Web Artificial Intelligence Social Issues

Grading % of Total Marks Assignments 20 Mid-Term Exam 20 Final Exam 50 Quiz 10 Total 100%

Required Reading An invitation to Computer Science, Schneider, G. Michael, 2nd Edition Information Technology in Perspective, Long, Larry, 10th Edition.

Fundamentals Of Computer Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware Components of a Computer (Input devices, Output devices, System Unit, Storage devices, Communication devices) Characteristics of a Computer

Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware “A Computer is a machine that can be programmed to accept data, process data into useful information and store it for later use.”

Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware Computer word is derived from “compute” that means to calculate. Computer is used to perform arithmetic and logical operations. Input means to feed information into a computer Words, symbols, numbers, pictures Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, ideas and objects

Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware Processing is the way that a computer manipulates data performing calculations sorting lists and numbers drawing graphs A computer processes data in a device called the central processing unit (CPU). A computer stores data so that it will be available for processing.

Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware Memory is an area of a computer that holds data that is waiting to be processed Volatile memory Non-volatile memory Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis

Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware Computer output is the results produced by the computer Reports, numbers, documents, music, graphs, pictures An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of processing.

Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware

Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware A computer consists of Software and Hardware, that is the machine is known as Hardware and Programs are called as Software. Software Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do, a computer works according to the given instructions in the software. Software cannot be executed without hardware. Software is debugged in case of problem and is reinstalled if the problem is not solved.

Introduction to Computer Software and Hardware Hardware is physical parts of computer that cause processing of data. Hardware cannot perform any task without software. Hardware is repaired in case of problem and is replaced if the problem is not solved.

Components of Computer Different components of computer are as follows:

Components of Computer Input devices The data or instructions given to the computer is called input, and a hardware component used to enter data and instruction into computer is called input device. Following are the most commonly used input devices: Keyboard: It is used to enter text, which contains alphabetic, numeric and other keys for entering different type of data.

Components of Computer Mouse: It is a pointing device, that controls pointer on the screen, user gives instructions to the computer through mouse. Microphone: It is used to enter voice into the computer. Scanner: It reads printed text and graphics and translates the results in digital form. Digital Camera: It is used to take and store picture in digital form. PC Camera: It is used to create movie and take photos on the computer, and is also used to make a video phone call.

Components of Computer Output devices The data processed in useful information is called Output, and the hardware component used to display information to the user is called Output device. Following are the most commonly used output devices: Monitor: Monitor is used to display text, graphics and video output.

Components of Computer Input / Output Devices

Components of Computer Input / Output Devices

Components of Computer Printer: It is used to display printed output on paper or transparency. Speaker: Speaker is used to hear sound, music and voice output. System Unit System Unit is a box that contains different electronic components of computer system, it is also called System Cabinet or Chassis. It protects the internal components from damage. The electronic components in the system unit are connected to motherboard.

Components of Computer Mother board is also known as system board or main board. Important components of system unit are as follows: Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is also called as Processor, that is the Brain of the Computer. It is the most important component of a computer, it interprets and executes instructions in the computer. Memory: The hardware component that stores data and instructions temporarily is called memory, that is also called primary memory or main memory.

Components of Computer Main memory consists of electronic chips connected to mother board, It is used to store data before processing. It also stores processed data after processing until the data is sent to output device. The main memory also called volatile because its contents are lost when the computer is turned off.

System Unit

System Unit

Mother Board

Components of Computer Storage devices The hardware components used to store data, instructions and information permanently are called storage devices. It is called non - volatile because its contents remain safe when the computer is turned off. Some important storage devices are floppy disk drive, zip drive, hard disk drive, CD - ROM drive, CD - RW drive, DVD - ROM drive etc.

Components of Computer Communication devices The hardware components used to communicate and exchange data, instructions and information with other computers are called communication devices. An important communication device is called Modem, which enables the computer to communicate with other computers via telephone line or cable.

Characteristics of Computer Following are important characteristics of computer: Speed Computers work at a very high speed and are much faster than humans. A computer can perform billions of calculations in a second. The time used by a computer to perform an operation is called as the processing speed, that is measured in Mega Hertz (MHz) or Giga Hertz (GHz).

Characteristics of Computer Storage A computer can store large amounts of data permanently, which can be used at any time. Any type of data such as text, graphics, pictures, audio, and video files can be stored easily. Processing Computer can perform different types of processing like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It can also perform logical functions as well.

Characteristics of Computer Accuracy Accuracy means to provide results without any error, computer can process large amounts of data and generate error - free results. A modern computer can perform millions of operations in one second without any error. Recalling A computer can recall the stored data and information as and when required, in a few seconds.

Characteristics of Computer Control Sequence A computer works strictly according to the given instructions, it follows the same sequence of execution that is given in a program. Consistency Computer works in a consistent way, it does not lose concentration due to heavy work, therefore it performs all jobs with equal attention.

Characteristics of Computer Communication A computer can be connected with other computers by a communication device such as a modem. These computers can share data, instructions and information (eg; Internet). Versatile Computer can perform different type of task, it can be used in hospital, bank or ay home. A variety of facilities are available through computers.