Title Vortex nanoliquid in high-temperature superconductors

BSCCO PD 5 phases Vortex matter phase diagram in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 B T Point disorder

BSCCO PD 3 phases B T quasi - ordered - lattice (Bragg glass) Vortex liquid Amorphous Vortex matter phase diagram in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 Point disorder

liquid Vortex line Bose glass Bose H c1 (T) H c2 (T) H BG (T) H T TcTc glass Bose glass schematic Bose glass phase with columnar defects Nelson and Vinokur, PRL 68, 2398 (1992) Vortices pinned by columnar defects

liquid Vortex line Bose glass Bose H c1 (T) H c2 (T) H BG (T) H T TcTc glass Bose glass Bose glass phase with columnar defects Radzihovsky, PRL 74, 4923 (1995)

From BrG to BG Bose glass phase with columnar defects Structure of vortex matter when just few CDs are present? B T Bragg glass Vortex liquid Amorphous B T Vortex liquid Bose glass ? CDs

Ha  HaHa  Ha T    T B(r)    B(r) I    I Differential magneto-optical system Superconductor F=F= Garnet indicator He lamp CCD camera Polarizer Cryostat Solenoid Analyzer Microscope DMO technique HaHa B(r)

Movie BSCCO#3 large color

Artificial disorder by heavy ion irradiation Crystal with mask and CDs SST mask 90  m Columnar defects by 1 GeV Pb irradiation through perforated mask 7 nm TEM of columnar defects

Movie Satya Bf=20G, B=50G

Upward shift of Bm pristine solid liquid pristine melting Upward shift of the melting line with CDs

Upward shift of Bm, B  5G solid liquid solid liquid pristine B  =5 G Upward shift of the melting line with CDs

Upward shift of Bm, 10G solid liquid 5 G5 G pristine 10 G Upward shift of the melting line with CDs

Upward shift of Bm, 20G solid liquid 5 G5 G pristine 20 G 10 G Upward shift of the melting line with CDs

Upward shift of Bm, 50G all Upward shift of the melting line with CDs solid liquid 5 G5 G 20 G B  =50 G 10 G pristine

Vertical shift of Bm Upward shift of the melting line with CDs vertical shift in B m

Horizontal shift of Tm with CDs Upward shift of the melting line with CDs vertical shift in B m horizontal shift in T m

Magnetic decoration with CDs Crystal w mask and decoration SST mask 90  m Columnar defects by 1 GeV Pb irradiation through perforated mask Magnetic decoration B  = 40 G B   = 10 G 5 m5 m5 m5 m

Crystal with decoration SST mask 90  m Columnar defects by 1 GeV Pb irradiation through perforated mask porous Braggglass Bragg glass Magnetic decoration B  = 40 G B   = 10 G Magnetic decoration with CDs

AFM mica and decoration porous Braggglass Bragg glass Magnetic decoration B  = 40 G B   = 10 G AFM of etched columnar defects in mica B   = 10 G 20  m Magnetic decoration with CDs

Decoration B/Bf=1 Magnetic decoration BSCCO B  = 10 G B   = 10 G Etched mica B   = 10 G 20  m B  / B   = 1 Magnetic decoration with CDs

Decoration B/Bf=4 Magnetic decoration BSCCO B  = 40 G B   = 10 G Etched mica B   = 10 G 20  m B  / B   = 4 Magnetic decoration with CDs

Decoration B/Bf=8 Magnetic decoration BSCCO B  = 80 G B   = 10 G Etched mica B   = 10 G 20  m B  / B   = 8 Magnetic decoration with CDs

Size of crystallites Etched mica B   = 10 G 20  m number of vortices in the crystallites Magnetic decoration with CDs B   = 10 G

Density of lattice defects Etched mica B   = 10 G 20  m density of vortex lattice defects Magnetic decoration with CDs Two distinct vortex populations: soft crystallites and rigid matrix amorphous porous

Melting line porous Melting of porous vortex matter skeleton melting 5 G5 G 20 G 50 G 10 G pristine melting of crystallites delocalization

Imaging of transport current distribution in irradiated BSCCO Self-field with CDs small crystal 50mA, 40G, B   = 20 G B self K JyJyJyJy K K - I- I- I- I + I

Self-field with CDs large crystal Imaging of transport current distribution in irradiated BSCCO B self JyJyJyJy

Vortex matter phase diagram in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 with CDs Pristine melting Bragg glass liquid

Vortex matter phase diagram in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 with CDs Porous melting porous solid liquid ? B  = 60 G

Vortex matter phase diagram in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 with CDs Nanoliquid PD porous solid liquid nano- liquid homogeneous B dl  exp(-T/T 0 ) Lopatin and Vinokur, PRL 92 (2004) Kierfeld and Vinokur, PRL 94 (2005) B  = 60 G

Transport data in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 with CDs R(T) nanoliquid homogeneous liquid nonoliquid

homogeneous liquid T dl TmTm CD TmTm 0 B = 125 G Transport data in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 with CDs Transport nanoliquid 1 B  = 60 G nonoliquid porous solid

Transport data in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 with CDs Transport nanoliquid 2 T dl TmTm CD TmTm 0 B = 125 G B  = 60 G homogeneous liquid nonoliquid porous solid

Transport data in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 with CDs Transport nanoliquid 2 nonoliquid porous solid T dl TmTm CD TmTm 0 B = 125 G B  = 60 G homogeneous liquid enhanced c-axis correlations Au contacts on BSCCO crystal +V -V -I +I

Vortex matter phase diagram in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 with CDs PD w CDs summary Homogeneous liquid B  = 60 G Porous solid Nanoliquid