Behaviour

Mon 8th March. COPY:BAT: Explain that animals inherit certain patterns of behaviour from their parents known as instinctive behaviour Starter: Write down as many examples of instinctive behaviour that you can think

Stepping on drawing pin - the pin is the stimulus for this behaviour. The reflex action that results is instinctive.

Instinctive responses are inherited from parents and reinforced by natural selection The quicker individuals respond the better their chances of survival.

Innate or Learned Behaviour? Starter Watch the video clips. Were these responses learned? Why does the baby have these reflexes? - moro reflex walking reflex swimming reflex Primary reflexes

Innate Behaviour When an animal responds to something automatically, without thinking about it we call it: An INNATE or INSTINCTIVE behaviour or response A baby’s reflex response is an example of an INNATE BEHAVIOUR Make a list of the different innate responses the babies had. How does each behaviour help the baby to survive?

Is it only humans that have innate behaviour? Uhttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=RrY2lkxBhG U cuckoo chick in nest Why does the newly hatched cuckoo have this behaviour? Be specific!! 1.It has the nest to itself – more room to grow, less likely to fall out 2.More food and care from parents – no competition

Answer the following questions in full sentences Page Q 1-5

COPY:BAT: Explain that animals can learn through conditioning STARTER: Explain why animals possess innate behaviours.

toddler walking baby feeding itself

These are examples of: LEARNED BEHAVIOUR It takes a while for babies to learn to walk, eat and talk by themselves

Bahaviour that changes in the light of experience is learned Pets will show you learned behaviour - e.g heading for kitchen cupboard, picking up lead etc.

Hands up who likes chocolate! Which hand did you raise? Number of left hands up Number of Right hands up Raising your hand to answer a question is a ………………….. behaviour Instinctively putting up an particular hand is a ………………..behaviour learned innate Now try this with catching a ball. Do you instinctively use the same hand. Careful!!

What Triggers Behaviour? What made you instinctively catch the ball? What happens if you hear a loud bang? You behave in that way because you are RESPONDING TO A STIMULUS (signal) These are examples of EXTERNAL STIMULI Can you think of other external stimuli we respond to? Temperature, light, touch, smell, taste

What Triggers Behaviour? Birds are born knowing how to build a particular shape and size of nest at the right time of year. What external stimuli are the birds responding to? Temperature and hours of daylight

What Triggers Behaviour? What things will make a baby cry? Feeling cold, feeling tired, wet/dirty nappy, hungry, loud noise, stranger Which of these are External stimuli? Feeling tired, hungry and uncomfortable are INTERNAL STIMULI

Learning a new skill You will need: A card with a star shape on it. Tracing paper Pencil Mirror stopwatch Method: Work in pairs – take it in turns to be the learner and the timer 1.Measure how long it takes to trace a shape on paper 2.Trace the shape by looking at the reflection in a mirror. 3.Try several times. 4.How long does it take after practice 5.How many goes were needed to learn this new behaviour

To begin with a young pet cat will only show interest when the food is seen and tasted. Seeing and tasting are the primary stimuli which the cat associates with food. With age it starts to associate secondary stimuli with food e.g. the owner heading for food cupboard.

Conditioning The secondary stimulus itself is not directly linked to the possibility of food but the cat has learnt the association. We say the cat has become conditioned.

Ivan Pavlov The Russion Ivan Pavlov was first to study conditioned behaviour scientifically

Pavlov noticed that when food (the primary stimulus) was placed in a dog’s mmouth the flow of saliva increased. He also noticed that the flow of saliva increased as soon as the dog smelt his hand (secondary stimulus) - even before food was placed in dog’s mouth.

The dog’s production of saliva was increased when Pavlov’s personal smell was followed with the taste of food. After a while Pavlov’s personal smell itself was enough to make the dog produce as much saliva as if it had been given food.

Pavlov then conditioned dogs to produce saliva in response to other stimuli, such as the ringing of a bell. This type of conditioning is called classical conditioning. It fades unless it is reinforced from time to time.

Trial and Error conditioning Here the learning develops because of reward or punishment. American scientist B.F. Skinner ( ) set out to investigate this in rats and other animlas.

What human behaviour is a result of this type of conditioning?

Now answer these questions in full sentences Pages Q 1-5

Plenary Fill in the worksheet How well have you achieved your BAT’s today? What level do you think you have achieved? Homework: What have I learnt this week. Try out the hands up and ball catching activity at home. Do you family use the same hand as you? Why might that be?

Choosing a place to live What stimulus are woodlice responding to when they choose to live in dark conditions? Light Is that an external or internal stimulus? External

Which Conditions Do woodlice prefer? Plan an investigation to find out if woodlice prefer to live in dark or light conditions using a choice chamber. What will your Independent variable be? What will you keep the same? What will you measure (Dependent variable) Include in your plan: A Risk Assessment to work safely with animals How you will treat the woodlice ethically

Collecting Data Amount of Light Try 1Try 2Try 3Try 4 Average Number of woodlice Light Dark Number of woodlice

Which Conditions did the woodlice prefer? Draw a bar chart of the results Write a conclusion to answer the question in the title. The woodlice preferred the ……conditions. This is probably because ………………… ………………………………………….. How could you get level 6 for this conclusion? Look at the 3 rd BAT!

Plenary How reliable were your results? What could you do to improve reliability? Extension: What other behaviour in woodlice could you investigate using a choice chamber?

Lesson 3:Hibernation and Migration BATs 4. Predict how conditions (light levels and temperature) in a habitat are likely to change over the course of a year (IQ) 5. Interpret (analyse) simply presented temperature records (IQ) 5.Make links between the observed behaviour and the benefit to the individual organism. (Link to survival of species lev 6). (IQ/CT) Starter How does day length and temperature vary over a year? Look at the data sheets to see the range in temperature and hours of sunlight over a year.

High temperatures Low temperatures

Research Find out about how one plant or animal copes with the changes in temperature and/or daylight.

How do some animals cope with changes in temperature and daylight? When it is cold some animals ……… whilst others ……. to a warmer climate. They are responding to the …….. Stimulus of ……….. They behave like this because ………………………………….. External migrate, hibernate, temperature

How do some animals cope with changes in temperature and daylight? When it is cold some animals hibernate whilst others migrate to a warmer climate. They are responding to the external Stimulus of temperature. They behave like this because they cannot get enough food in cold conditions to survive.

How do some plants cope with changes in temperature and light? When it is cold some plants … whilst others, like carrots and …….. plants produce …. ……. organs to help them survive the winter. They are responding to the ……… Stimuli of ……….. and …... They behave like this because they cannot …………… in …. and …… conditions. Darker, photosynthesise, die, external, light, food storage, cold, temperature

How do some plants cope with changes in temperature and light? When it is cold some plants die whilst others, like carrots and daffodil plants produce food storage organs to help them survive the winter. They are responding to the external Stimuli of temperature and light. They behave like this because they cannot photosynthesise in cold and darker conditions.

Lesson 4: Courtship BATs 4. Work in a group to create a presentation about courtship in an imaginary animal (TW, CT) 5. Match the stimulus to the behaviour. 6. Appreciate how courtship can be linked to the survival of the species. (IQ/CT) Starter

Lesson 5: Review BATs Create a display or mind map to summarise what I have learned about behaviour (CT, RL) Assess what level I have achieved for this topic based on BAT’s and level descriptors, and know how to get to the next level (RL) Starter