May 12, 2014 ONLY 6 Mondays (including today) of being a 6 th grader are left!

7.___________________ 1._________________ 11.___________ 6.________________ _ 3._________________ 10._________________ _ 8.____________ 9.____________ 4._________________ 5._________________ 2.________________ _ Warm-Up # 82 TAKE OUT YOUR HOMEWORK Virtual Lab and Crayon Lab

IMPORTANT DATES Friday – May 16 th – Warm Up Quiz Warm-Ups Tuesday – May 20 th – TEST on Rocks and Minerals May 19 th – field trip

MINI - PROJECTS Period 2 – Senay Period 3 – Brielle A, Sophia, Mike Period 4 – Gianna F, Aryana, Gianna H Period 8 – Gianluca, Connor, Lily

Today you will learn Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make up 99 percent of all minerals on Earth. What the characteristics of minerals are How minerals are classified into groups Which mineral group is most common

Just a box of rocks BACKGROUND: Scientists have identified over 2000 different minerals in the earth's crust. 95% of the earth's crust is composed of about a dozen different rock-forming minerals. The rocks composed of these minerals can be formed in three different ways. Scientists can learn many different things about a rock by observing and classifying it. In this investigation you will become very "friendly" with the rocks in your tray as you group them in different ways.

What is a mineral? All natural earth materials are made of minerals or a combination of minerals Minerals are the building blocks of rocks To be called a mineral it must have the following 5 characteristics:

Mineral characteristic #1 Solid not a liquid or a gas Platinum (It might take two billion tons of ore to produce one pound of platinum!)

Mineral characteristic #2 naturally occurring not artificial or man- made

Mineral characteristic #3 Inorganic - not alive and never alive

Mineral characteristic #4 Fixed chemical composition Some minerals like gold or silver are made of only one element. (A substance such as iron, oxygen, and gold which cannot be separated or broken down by ordinary chemical methods)element Other minerals, like quartz and calcite, are combinations of two or more elements.

Mineral characteristic #5 atoms arranged in an orderly pattern Element or compound Minerals are usually solid crystals. They have a number of flat surfaces in an orderly arrangement. For example, a crystal of quartz is always hexagonal because of the way the atoms of silicon and oxygen join together.crystals

A) SNIFE S olid Not Liquid or Gas or Plasma Naturally Occurring Not Human-Made Inorganic Not Alive - Never Was Fixed Composition Same Recipe, Everywhere, Every Time Element or Compound Not a Mixture

Mineral or Not a Mineral? 1)Chalk 2)Wood 3)T-shirt 4)Glass window 5)Door knob

Mineral or Not a Mineral? 1)Chalk 2)Wood 3)T-shirt 4)Glass window 5)Door knob Mineral Not A Mineral Mineral Not A Mineral

Today you will learn Which mineral properties are most important in identification. How mineral are identified by their properties.

1) Mineral Property Color Color is the first thing someone notices when they view a mineral. Color is also one of the big reasons that attract people to minerals. Generally speaking, color is not a good property to use to ID a mineral. Color can be confusing. Many minerals have different colors and some minerals' colors are identical to other minerals' colors.

2) Mineral Property Streak Streak is closely related to color, but is a different property because the color of the mineral may be different than the color of the streak. color Streak is actually the color of the powder of a mineral. It is called streak because the proper way to test for streak is to rub a mineral across a tile of white unglazed porcelain and to examine the color of the "streak" left behind.

Mineral Properties Color & Streak Pyrite (known as "Fool's Gold") is always brassy yellow when found in crystals, even broken crystals, of any size; but when powdered, produces a black streak. Gold's streak, by the way, is yellow! Hematite's streak is blood- red Galena's streak is lead gray

3) Mineral Property - Luster A mineral’s luster is the way in which light reflects from the surface. The two major types of luster are metallic & nonmetallic.

Mineral Property - Luster Some other ways to describe luster are Dull - just a non-reflective surface of any kind Earthy - the look of dirt or dried mud Fibrous - the look of fibers Greasy - the look of grease Gumdrop - the look a sucked on hard candy Metallic - the look of metals Pearly - the look of a pearl Pitchy - the look of tar Resinous - the look of resins such as dried glue or chewing gum Silky - the look of silk, similar to fibrous but more compact Submetallic - a poor metallic luster, opaque but reflecting little light Vitreous - the most common luster, it simply means the look of glass Waxy - the look of wax Transparent – can you see through it?

Quick Check Answer the following: What is the first thing someone notices about a mineral? What do we call the color of the powdered mineral? Which is more reliable: streak or color?

4) Mineral Property Fracture (or cleavage) When a mineral breaks it does so either by fracturing or by cleaving.fracturing Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces. Crystal cleavage is a smooth break producing what appears to be a flat crystal face. Fracture is the tendency of a mineral to break into irregular pieces.

Mineral Property How a mineral breaks When a mineral breaks it does so either by fracturing or by cleaving.fracturing Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces. Crystal cleavage is a smooth break producing what appears to be a flat crystal face. Fracture is the tendency of a mineral to break into irregular pieces.

5) Mineral Property Hardness A mineral’s hardness is its resistance to being scratched. A scale known as the Moh’s scale is often use

Mohs Scale

6) Mineral Property Density Each mineral has a specific density. Density is the mass of a given space or in scientific terms the mass per unit of volume. For example, if you have two minerals of the same size one might be heavier than the other. The galena will be three times heavier than the same size of quartz.

Mineral Property Density Geologists measure density by the following: First they use a balance to determine the mass of a sample. Second, they place the mineral in water to see how much water it displaces. The volume of displace water = the volume of the sample Third they use the following formula: Density = Mass/Volume

Brain Check Answer the following: If you break a mineral and it breaks into cubes, is it fracture or cleavage? Why? If you break a mineral with a hammer and it falls apart into a million different pieces, is it fracture or cleavage? Why? Name three things you can scratch talc with. What is the formula for density?

Some minerals have specific properties Fluorescence: some minerals glow when exposed to ultraviolet light Magnetic: Some minerals are attracted to magnets Acid: Some minerals react with acid by bubbling

SLCDFH Some Lumpy Cats Die From Heat Some Llamas Climb Dirty Fat Hills S Streak Powdered Color L Luster How shiny C Cleavage Breaks in sheets or blocks D Density How much mass in a given volume F Fracture Just crumbles & breaks H Hardness Can be scratched by

True or False? 1)Gold is very rare. 2)Gold has only been discovered on Africa, North America, and South America. 3)50 % of the world’s gold is still in the ground. 4)Gold is very brittle. 5)Gold is edible.

May 14, 2013 True or False? 1)Gold is very rare. TRUE Gold is so rare that the world pours more steel in an hour than it has poured gold since the beginning of recorded history. 2)Gold has been discovered only on Africa, North America, and South America. FALSE Gold has been discovered on every continent on earth. 3)50 % of the world’s gold is still in the ground. FALSE It is believed that 80% of the world’s gold is still in the ground. 4)Gold is very brittle. FALSE Gold is so pliable that it can be made into sewing thread. An ounce of gold can be stretched over 50 miles. 5)Gold is edible. TRUE Gold is edible. Some Asian countries put gold in fruit, jelly snacks, coffee, and tea. Since at least the 1500s, Europeans have been putting gold leaf in bottles of liquor. Some Native American tribes believed consuming gold could allow humans to levitate.