ANTH 331: Culture and the Individual Kimberly Porter Martin, Ph.D. Theory.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Nature of Culture Nuts and Bolts. International Baccalaureate Mission Statement The International Baccalaureate aims to develop inquiring, knowledgeable.
Advertisements

Understanding the Research Process
Chapter Three Building and Testing Theory. Building Theory Human Nature –Determinism: assumes that human behavior is governed by forces beyond individual.
The Basics Unit One. Origins of Psychology -Roots in ancient philosophy -Socrates – “ know thyself” -Plato – rely on thought and reason -Aristotle – rely.
Culture and Personality What is cultural psychology? Why should we study it? Different research approaches Structural framework Self-Ways (Markus)
Analytical methods for IS professionals ISYS3015 What is qualitative research?
Green’s Tri-Level Hypothesis Behavioral: a person’s performance on specific experimental tasks Cognitive: the postulated cognitive or affective systems.
Chapter 11 Self and Personality
Contemporary Perspectives. What is a “perspective”? What do you think???
Cross-Cultural Psychology
CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER ONE Studying Adult Development and Aging.
Norm Theory and Descriptive Translation Studies
CONTRASTING CULTURE, RACE, PERSONALITY, and POPULAR CULTURE
© 2013 Cengage Learning. Outline  Types of Cross-Cultural Research  Method validation studies  Indigenous cultural studies  Cross-cultural comparisons.
Culture and Mental Health How culture affects psychological health.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL: THEORY, RESEARCH QUESTION & HYPOTHESIS
Personality Introductory Issues. Personality Defined  Personality is the set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that is organized.
Public and Private Families Chapter 1. Increasing ambivalence Women in workforce vs. children in day care Divorce vs. unhappy marriage.
AN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURE AND CROSS- CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY PSYC 338.
Chapter 1 Introduction and Research Methods. What is Psychology? The science of behavior and mental processes Behavior—observable actions of a person.
I.History and Approaches By:Kaia Adams. A. Logic, Philosophy, and history of science Psychology is a science because it uses systematic collections and.
Contemporary Psychological Perspectives. Elephant Tale.
HOW PSYCHOLOGISTS STUDY CULTURE Schools and Approaches PSYC 338.
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Dr. K. A. Korb University of Jos.
Chapter Three: The Use of Theory
Culture and the Individual Kimberly Porter Martin.
Psychology Perspectives (approaches to studying psychology) psy·chol·o·gy Noun: 1.The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, esp. those.
Psychology Chapter 1: What is Psychology? Section 1: The Science of Psychology.
The Social Sciences: Anthropology. The Social Sciences Anthropology Study human life throughout history Examines biological and cultural diversity Comparative.
What is Culture? Anthropology 330 Kimberly Porter Martin.
Seminar on Theories in Child Development: Overview Dr. K. A. Korb University of Jos.
BHV 390 Research Design Purpose, Goals and Time Kimberly Porter Martin, Ph.D.
Magic mirror if I only could try to see myself as others would
Cross-Cultural Psychology Psychology Raymond T. Garza, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology Spring 2009 M.W. 4:00-5:15.
The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology Chapter 2.
Kathleen Stassen Berger Prepared by Madeleine Lacefield Tattoon, M.A. 1 Part I Heredity and Environment Chapter Two What Theories Do Grand Theories Emergent.
Is there a link between 'culture' and 'cultured' behaviour? Can 'culture' save the world? Witold Ostafiński PhD.
Contemporary Perspectives in Psychology. Behavioral Social Cognitive Theory n40hU&safe=active
Uses and Gratification 1.The social and psychological origins of 2.Needs, which generate 3.Expectations of 4.The mass media or other sources, which lead.
Introduction to Scientific Research. Science Vs. Belief Belief is knowing something without needing evidence. Eg. The Jewish, Islamic and Christian belief.
SUMMARIZING ACROSS THE DIFFERENT METHODS OF CROSS- CULTURAL RESEARCH.
Psychological Perspectives
Objective 4.3 Using one or more examples, explain “emic” and “etic” concepts.
© 2001 Laura Snodgrass, Ph.D.1 Generalizing Results Generalizing to –other populations –the “real world” Generalizing from –replications –comparisons of.
History & Research Goals and Perspectives Unit 1 / Learning Goal 1.
PSY 2012 General Psychology Samuel R. Mathews, Ph.D. Associate Professor The Department of Psychology The University of West Florida.
+ Emic Vs Etic Use examples to explain the emic and etic concepts.
Lecture №1 Role of science in modern society. Role of science in modern society.
Modern Perspectives in Psychology Pages 15 to 19.
Constructivism: The Social Construction of International Politics POL 3080 Approaches to IR.
Theories and Methods in Social Psychology David Rude, MA, CPC Instructor 1.
Experiment Basics: Variables Psych 231: Research Methods in Psychology.
By Lisa Fiore 1.  How does psychoanalytic theory explain development across the lifespan?  What is the relationship between psychosocial crises and.
©2010, Cengage Learning, Brooks/ Cole Publishing A Multidimensional Framework for Assessing Social Functioning HBSE-I, Ch. 1 Unit 1 Seminar.
Chapter 1 Psychology: An Overview. Objectives 1.1 The Science of Psychology Define the science of psychology. Distinguish between psychological science.
Vocab unit 1 History and Approaches. the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
Psychology Unit 1 Vocabulary. Unit 1 - Psychology 1. Applied research 2. Basic research 3. Biological perspective 4. Cognitive perspective 5. Functionalism.
The Scientific Method. Scientifically Solving a Problem Observe Define a Problem Review the Literature Observe some More Develop a Theoretical Framework.
Definition Slides Unit 1: History of Psychology. Empiricism = ?
The Science of Psychology
Definition Slides.
What is cognitive psychology?
Principles of the sociocultural level of analysis
The scientific study of mind and behavior
7 Themes of Psychology.
Chapter 1– Introduction
Cultural Psychology.
Contemporary Perspectives
Definition Slides.
ANTH 331: Culture and the Individual Kimberly Porter Martin, Ph.D.
Presentation transcript:

ANTH 331: Culture and the Individual Kimberly Porter Martin, Ph.D. Theory

Theory: A Definition A set of related hypotheses that provide a better explanation than any single hypothesis. A grounded theory is one that is based on empirically testable hypotheses that have been supported by evidence.

Theoretical Dimensions Genetics (Nature) vs Culture (nurture) Absolutist – Universalist – Relativist Cultural Psychology Action Theory Sociocultural Theory Indigenous Psychologies Culture Comparative Research

The Nature/Nurture Controversy Early debate during the first half of the twentieth century Nature perspective partly rooted in racial determinism linked to colonial and post colonial attitudes Racial determinism and environmental determinism were combined to predict both cultural factors and personality qualities. Based on limited knowledge about how genetics and environment interact.

Absolutism, Universalism & Relativism Restatement of the old Nature/Nurture controversy with a middle ground position added.

Absolutism Biologically/genetically based Limited influence of environment Identifying species-wide traits Imposed etic assumptions Concepts defined in modern Western cultural terms Straightforward comparison

Universalism Interaction of biological and cultural factors Culture has a substantial impact Examining variations in species-wide processes Derived etic methodology with attention to how Modern Western methods can be adapted in other cultures Modern Western concepts with adjustment for cultural differences

Relativism Culturally based Culture is the primary causal factor in developing behavior and personality. Emic methodology Comparison is difficult Context specific definitions for concepts Local measurement units and instruments are used.

Confidence in Labeling Universal Traits Conceptual Universals – highly abstract with no empirical measurement possible (national character) Weak Universals – concepts for which there is empirical support for measurement in a variety of individual cultures. Strong Universals – measured with the same metric across cultures but with a different origin. Strict Universals – measured with same origin AND a common origin across cultures.

Cultural Psychology Culture and behavior are inseparable. Culture is in the minds of individual and does not exist outside of individual minds. Behavior is part of a world view based on history within the society. There will be an internal consistency that unites behaviors that may look unrelated. Behaviors will be linked by systems of meaning, even if unconsciously. Culture is governed by its own rules and does not depend on individuals to adapt and change.

Action Theory (Eckensberger) Behavior is always goal directed. There is always a set of choices for each action that a person takes. Humans are aware of their actions and the consequences of their actions. Humans accept the consequences for their actions. Centers around the Reflexive Human Being Humans follow, reflect on and shape culture and none of these can be left out. Culture is the mediating factor between the person and the environment.

SocioCultural School (Vigotsky) Higher mental processes are the focus Specific processes must be present in society in order for humans to acquire them. Cole adds that specific activity settings must be present in order to transmit cultural information. That mental processes are acquired in stages with biological/developmental prerequisites.

Indigenous Psychologies The movement to create (recognize?) multiple theory sets about what human psychological traits are like. Leads to culture specific methodology Makes cultural comparison difficult May be a necessary step toward developing a universal, cross-culturally valid psychology.

Culture Comparative Research Culture is a set of conditions or variables Culture is treated as an independent variable Culture may be too general a concept to use as an independent variable; it needs to be broken down into smaller aspects or factors. Culture may be a mediating or bridging factor that links variables together, rather than a variable in its own right. Conventions (traditions or normal behavior sets) can be analyzed as reflecting behavior that will be shown by all normal members of a society without needing to study actual participants.