17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification KEY CONCEPT Organisms can be classified based on physical similarities.

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Biodi versity The variety of life forms in a given area or ecosystem. Close to 2 million species on earth have been identified. Scientists estimate 10 to 100 million species actually exist on earth.

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Why do we classify living Organisms? To make this great biodiversity easier to study!

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Early Classification – Aristotle (384 to 322 BC) Greek Scholar Divided animals into three groups Those that fly Those that swim Those that crawl or walk

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Linnaean Classification System Developed in the mid 1700’s by Swedish botanist named Carolus Linnaeus. Classifies all organisms as animals or vegetable (plant) Gave all organisms a two part Latin name.

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Why did Carolus Linnaeus develop this system? The yellow and white flower with many small petals The yellow and white flower with no obvious scent Carl Linnaeus – Chrysanthemum leucanthemum The pretty flower with a fuzzy yellow center surrounded by white petals which attracts small bees.

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. A taxon (taxa – plural) is a group of organisms in a classification system. Organisms are classified based on physical and structural similarities.

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification How it’s organized Linnaean classification system has seven levels. Each level is included in the level above it Levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to species.

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Seven Levels of classification 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species King Phillip Came Over From Germany Singing.

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Classification Example primate Order Humans Hominid Family Genus Species sapiens Homo Homo sapiens

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Limitations of Linnaean Classification Physical similarities are not always a result of a species being closely related Unrelated species can evolve similar traits. Modern classifications uses genetic similarities.

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Recent DNA research has changed some long standing classifications. DNA evidence puts the giant panda In the Family – Ursidae (Bears)

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Binomial nomenclature A naming system that gives each species a unique two part name. Uses Latin and Greek words. Uses the Genus and Species as first and last name. White oak: Quercus alba

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Scientific names help scientists to communicate. –Some species have very similar common names. –Some species have many common names. Advantages over common names:

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Genus - includes one or more physically similar species that are closely related. –Always written in italics and Capitalized Species – a group of organisms that can successfully breed and produce offspring. –Always written in italics and lowercase Tyto alba

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Breeding of animals of two different species. Not a new species Produces infertile offspring

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification

Binomial Nomenclature Family Family Felidae (Cats) Tiger - Panthera tigrisLion - Panthera leoKitten – Felis domesticus Cougar – Felis concolor Genus and species are always italicized OR underlined if hand written First letter of the genus is capitalized First letter of the species is lowercase

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Let's try some simple naming - Latin The brown caterpillar Noun first descriptor second. i.e. caterpillar brown Eruca castane

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Let's try some simple naming - Greek The spotted reptile Herpeto halio

17.1 The Linnaean System of Classification Let's try some simple naming - Greek Reptile with a flat nose. Herpeto platyrhino