18.1 Taxonomy.

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Presentation transcript:

18.1 Taxonomy

Taxonomy Naming and grouping organisms according to characteristics and evolutionary history Aristotle-first classification system Plant or animal group Plants-stem type animals-where they live Used common names Problems with this?

Carolus Linnaeus Grouped organisms by structure and form (morphology) Created a system of hierarchy Used taxon groups

General group-lots of organisms King Phillip came Over for great spaghetti Great way to remember order! Specific group/not many organisms Can produce fertile offspring

How do I remember Definitions for each word? Use the level after the word: Example-phylum is a group of similar classes Family is a group of genuses

Human grouping system You need to write this! Kingdom-Animalia Phylum-Chordata Class-Mammalia Order-primate Family-Hominidae Genus-Homo Species-Sapiens

Binomial nomeclature 2 word naming system Latin or Greek 1st name-genus; capitalized; can be abbreviated Homo sapiens= H. sapiens 2nd name-species; lowercase Must underline or italics

18.2 notes

Phylogeny Definition: Evolutionary relationships amongst organisms Form of evolutionary classification Create a phylogenetic tree More like a hypothesis Can change

How do we classify or place on tree? Fossil record Embryology Structure and form DNA and proteins

Cladistics Identifies and looks at only those characteristics that have arised in lineages over time Humans: walking upright Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage and not in older members-derived characteristics Use to construct a cladogram Shows relationships Help understand independent evolution

Discuss at your table What is the connection between evolution and classification? How does genetics and protein synthesis connect with these two?