Classification of Living Things Introduction. Aristotle Greek 4 th Century BC Animals by movement Plants by size.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification of Living Things Introduction

Aristotle Greek 4 th Century BC Animals by movement Plants by size

John Ray English 17 th century Goal was to collect, name, classify all plants and animals in England Used internal anatomy First to use the word “species”

Carolus Linnaeus Swedish 18 th century Used similarities in structure Invented a 2 word naming system (binomial nomenclature) Genus species

Modern System Groups according to basic traits Gives a unique name to every kind of living thing Name is used universally (Latin or Greek)

Common names can be misleading – Starfish – Puma, cougar, mountain lion

Classification Process of grouping organisms based on similarities

Taxonomy Science of naming and classifying organisms Naming of organisms should reflect the traits of the organisms

The more characteristics two organisms share, the more closely related they are If 2 organisms share the same trait, they could share the same ancestor

Biological Relationships Living things evolve over time Scientists try to discover how one species evolved as compared with another Species that share ancestors are grouped together.

Biological Relationships Scientists compare a variety of traits – Size – Bone structure – Body shape

Sargassum Fish Sargassum Seaweed Sea Dragon Sea Horse Animal Algae Same body shape Fronds Fish with Leafy fronds

Physical Evidence Early scientists used their eyes and measuring devices as tools to compare Noted color, size, weight, how energy is obtained Later they used internal structure and appearance Used fossils to compare species of past with those of today

Physical Evidence Fossils can tell how extinct organisms moved, lived, ate. Physical evidence shows that all organisms are related by evolution.

Lives west of Rockies Solid black head No white feathers Lives east of Rockies Blue, black, and white head Cyanocitta stelleri Cyanocitta cristata

Genetic Evidence DNA and computers can be used to compare components of one organism with another. Genetic evidence usually supports physical evidence, but not always.