Safety, Reliability & Performance of the Ahead (ABM) Programmable Fuze System NDIA 39th Annual Gun & Ammunition Baltimore, MD Apr. 13-16, 2004 Presented by: Allan Buckley Director Product Management Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec AG CH-8050 Zurich / Switzerland www.mauseroerlikon.com allan.buckley@ocag.ch

Ahead: The AIR BURST Technology for Medium Calibre Ammunition

Ahead (ABM) for Air Defense and Vehicle Armament Application IFV: Programmer Target Payload Ejection Payload: Subprojectile ABM Projectile Vo Measurement Fuze Programming Fire Control Unit ABM Electronics F2 15087 DE

Ahead (ABM) KETF Projectile Concept Outline Time Programmable Payload Electronic Fuze Power Ejection Supply Charge Subprojectiles Explosive Train (W-Alloy) (Squib, S&A, Deto) Data Electronic Receiver Timer Module Coil (ETM) (Setback Generator) F2 15024 BB

Ahead (ABM) Fuze Module Ignition System / Squib Electronic Timer Module / ETM 40F9211-11 Set-Back Generator F2 15086 CE

Safety Criteria for Ahead (ABM) KETF Fuze MECHANICAL FUZES ABM AHEAD KETF FUZE Storage Ignition Energy Mechanically Stored Ignition Energy Chemically Stored Ignition Energy Completely Inert Ignition Energy Chemically Stored Axial Acceleration Safe Lock 1 Axial Acceleration Safe Lock 1 Axial Acceleration Rotation Ignition Energy Electrically Stored Safe Lock 2 Rotation Electr. Muzzle Safety (embedded) Safe Lock 2 Rotation Exterior Shock DETONATION DUD No Impact Sensor Interior Ignition Trigger DUD SELF-DESTRUCT PROGR.: DETONATION / SD DUD F2 16516 A1

Ahead (ABM) KETF Fuze: Life Cycle Events - Summary Phases: Barrel Muzzle Area Operational Range Storage Post Range 0 ms Muzzle 64 ms 8192 ms >10000 ms Propellant Cartridge Percussion Axial Lock SAFE Rupture Disc Punched (Set-Back Generator) Electrical Energy Capacitors Loaded Capacitors Totally Discharged Rotation Lock SAFE Detonator In Armed Position No Ignition Energy No Ignition Energy Electronic Muzzle Safety Programming Window No Time Programming Possible (ECM Proof) Electronics Time Programming Programmed Payload Ejection Self-Destruct 0< 5 10 50 100 1000 10000 ms F2 16516 A5

Ahead (ABM) System Function Reliability Theoretical Reliability Prediction according: MIL Handbooks 217F2 & 338 Results of ABM System Ahead Reliability: In Theory > 97% In Practice > 97% F2 16260 AA

35 mm Ahead (ABM) HETF Programmable Payload Delivery Precise Time Space Payload Delivery up to 5000 rd/min! 10 Rds between 1200 m & 300 m every 100 m! 10th Rd: 300 m 1st Rd: 1200 m M1 15555 „String of Pearls“ at 550 rd/min of 35mm Ahead-HETF Ammo F2 15559 CC

Compensation of the Muzzle Velocity Variation The Standard Deviation of the Projectile Position in the Firing Direction: without Compensation of the MV Variation: proportional to MV Variation Sv (Sv = Std Deviation of MV). i.e. approx. = ToF x Sv with the Compensation of the MV Variation: 1 m pro second ToF. ToF: Time of Flight Without Compensation With Compensation M1 15556 M1 15557 Burst of 7 Rounds 35mm Ahead-HETF Ammo at 1.6 km Range F2 15561 CD

30mm x 173 Ahead (ABM) KETF Subprojectile Payload: Layout & Footprint Version: 27 SP x 5 Layers (1.5 g) (Simulation after 500μs) Layout of the 162 Subprojectiles SP (1.24 g each) 27 SP x 6 Layers Payload-Footprint on 1 x 1 m Al -Plate after Ejection of the 162 SP (4 ms after ignition ) TM P-T03.02.07-189-B10_MVC-577F F1 16358 AB

30mm x 173 Ahead (ABM) KETF Subprojectile Dynamic Parameter Payload Ejection at 500 m Range (Cone of 12° Opening Angle) 80% Subprojectile-Density (#/m2) Velocity & Perforation (%) 85% 3 90% 5 12 55.4 m2 (8.4 m) Striking Area (Diameter) 94% Projectile (162 SP) 31.3 m2 (6.3 m) 46 12° 13.9 m2 (4.2 m) 100% 3.5 m2 (2.1 m) Distance (m) F2 10138 CD

30mm x 173 Ahead (ABM) KETF Subprojectile Penetration Capability Mild Steel Plate Thickness Penetrated [mm] Subprojectile (SP): 1.24 g # SP per Round: 162 Target Plate: Mild Steel Range of Subprojectiles [m]

30mm x 173 Ahead (ABM) KETF: 3 Rd Burst Effectiveness against ATGW-Bunker at 1 km Notice: ATGW: Anti-Tank Guided Weapon Results: Numerous Full Perforations / 100% Damage (Demo: Dec.1999) F2 16156 BB

30mm x 173 Ahead (ABM) KETF: 5 Round Burst against Squad of 7 - Target Target: Squad of 7 (Field: 2 x 38m) Target Field The video shows a 5 round burst fired to the target field (firing rate: 200 rd/min). Distance between rounds: 9 m Multiple perforations in each of the 7 target plates (2mm Fe): 13 Perforations/m2 on Average. M1 16501A8 F1 16501 A84

30mm x 173 Ahead (ABM) KETF against Urban Target (Unprogrammed Fuze) Target: 20 cm Concrete Wall with double Steel-Structure Reinforced Range: 500 m Results: Target Fully Penetrated M1 15962BA F2 15562 BB

3 Rd Burst against an ATGW Bunker at 1500 m 35mm x 228 Ahead (ABM) KETF & HETF against ATGW-Bunker HETF (Blast Fragmentation) KETF (Subprojectiles) Pk-Value Lethality of a 3 Rd Burst against an ATGW Bunker at 1500 m F2 15256 BA

Ahead (ABM) KETF: Ahead Technology Main Safety Features Power Supply: Set Back Generator (Activation over 28‘000 g); i.e no Battery Full Gun Unload Safety Safe & Arm: Mechanical & Electronic Time Programming of less than 64 ms not accepted (Default: Self Destruct ) Each Bit programmed with Double Pulse Completeness Check on 12 Bit Message (if negative: Self Destruct On!) If no fuze programming required or possible: automatically Self Destruct On No Impact Sensor in Fuze: firing through bushes & tree branches w/o burst Total HE content less than 0.6 g for 30mm F2 15037 CE

One Ahead (ABM) Fuze System - Two Different Warhead Configurations 30mm x 173 35mm x 228 Subprojectile Warhead KETF (Kinetic Energy Time Fuze) Fuze Blast Fragmentation Warhead HETF (High Explosive Time Fuze) 40mm x 53 Scale: F2 16124 BC

Ahead (ABM) HETF Basic Concept for 40mm x 53 Automatic Grenade Launcher AGL T A R G E T Conventional HE Round (PD-Fuze) Optimum for Air Burst Munition F2 15015 BA

40 mm x 53 Ahead (ABM) HETF Firing Trials at 200 m & 1000 m Range Remarks: No fragments are flying backwards! Firing Rate up to 570 rd/min (AGL-ST-Kinetics) 6008 6008 M1 16117BA F2 15254 BB

Ahead (ABM) System Milestones • 1973 8 bit - transmission demonstrated on a 20 mm shell at muzzle exit (1st “Ahead-like” programming) • 1992 35 mm Ahead - Ammunition: technical presentation to international ammo experts /OCP- Test Center • 1996 NATO qualification of the Ahead system (Canada) • 1999 Demonstration of ABM 30 mm x 173 prototype • 2000 Demonstration of ABM 40 mm x 53 prototype for AGL • End 2003 - 35 mm Ahead ABM Systems fielded in 8 countries. In evaluation / procurement in several others. - 30 mm x 173/170 & 40 mm x 53 ABM in evaluation in several countries. F2 16310 BC

35mm Ahead (ABM) KETF Detonation in Ammo Box Ejection Charge (0.9 g HE) of One Round Detonated Result: no damage occurs to the other packed rounds and therefore no sympathetic detonation possible F2 16516 A6