Three-dimensional Silicon composite nanostructures, taken with a scanning electron microscope.

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Presentation transcript:

Three-dimensional Silicon composite nanostructures, taken with a scanning electron microscope.

A Brief History In the history of the human race, we have developed many instruments to help us see things which are invisible to the human eye. First telescope - ~1600 developed by a Dutch spectacle maker named Hans Lippershey First compound microscope - ~1590, developed by Dutch spectacle makers; Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans. Lippershey Janssen

Optical Microscopes Optical (light) microscopes Scale of about 200 nm. 3 Not small enough for nanotechnology

Types of Microscopes 4 Scanning Electron Microscopes oShoot a thin electron beam at surface and look at the reflection of those electrons oMap topography (surface) of sample Transmission Electron Microscopes oPass electrons through sample whose interactions produce an image on a screen oRequire careful sample preparation Scanning Probe Microscopes oUse a physical probe to either touch or come close to touching the sample oMostly give information about the topography of the sample

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TEM haw/Page5.html&h=675&w=621&sz=18&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=MEIi0w9m33rDjM:&tbnh=138&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSEM%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz %3D1T4SUNA_enUS222US254%26sa%3DN

SPM

SEM Fly Head TEM Fly Head Electron Microscope Images

Atomic Force Microscope A type of SPM oResolution of fractions of a nanometer oUses a cantilever with a carbon nanotube tip or similar object for probe oHas three modes for data collection AFM Cantilever and Tip

Three Modes of AFM 5 Static Mode oDrags tip of probe across surface oFriction causes deterioration of tip Dynamic or Tapping Mode oCantilever is oscillated at a resonance frequency oAmplitude of oscillation is used to determine topography Force Spectroscopy oMeasures the magnetic field within a sample

AFM Images Silicon 77 pm resolution

Graphite 2 x 2 nm 2 graphite.jpg&imgrefurl= regensburg.de/forschung/giessibl/fjg/imagegallery/afmimages/afmimages_e.shtml&h=1765&w=1771&sz=2369&hl=en&start=18&um=1&tbnid=Jph yWpgBLXnguM:&tbnh=149&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3DAFM%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4GGIH_enUS270US285%26sa% 3DN

Chromosome

cd-rom CD-ROM

Bromine atoms p:// id=iuBVY9_hGCIZQM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbromine%2Bnano%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4GGIH_enUS2 70US285

Bibliography 1 2http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope.htm 3http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/GeetikaKumar.shtmlhttp://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/GeetikaKumar.shtml 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope 5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscope