Depression - WWII

Life in the Roaring Twenties Life in US after World War I was good More modern conveniences freed women from household chores Electricity became more available Other inventions included gas stoves, toasters, sliced bread, baby foodinventions Radio: WSB started in Atlanta 1927: first talking motion picture Walt Disney creates Mickey MouseMickey Mouse

The New Woman 1920 – 19 th Amendment gave women the right to vote More women in the workforce Flappers: name given to women who took on the new fashion – known for short hair, make- up, dancing, drinkingFlappers First women in Georgia legislature: Bessie Kempton Crowell & Viola Ross Napier Rebecca Latimer Felton first woman in U.S. Senate

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The Destruction of King Cotton Boll weevil: insect which ate Georgia’s most important cash cropBoll weevil Price of cotton also dropped 1924: major drought (period with little or no rain) hit Georgia Georgia farmers did not have the “good life” that many Americans enjoyed Farms closed forcing banks and farm- related business to close

The Great Migration Many tenant farmers left Georgia to work in northern factories Chicago and Detroit were popular destinations Many African Americans moved north for better pay, education, and more citizenship rights such as voting Young men sent north first to get jobs; sent for the family when they had saved enough money

The Klan Strengthens Targeted African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants Number of members increased in every state 1925: Klan march on Washington with 40,000 members Declining membership by the end of the decade as members were linked to racial terrorism

Section 2: The Great Depression ESSENTIAL QUESTION –How did the Great Depression affect Georgians?

The Bottom Drops Out Stock Market: Place where shares of ownership in corporations (stock) are bought and sold “Black Tuesday” – October 29, 1929: Stock market prices fall greatly; millions of people loose all their wealth Total losses by end of year: $40 billion Example: U.S. Steel was $262 per share – dropped to $22 per share Some stocks worth less than 1¢

Causes of the Depression Many people had borrowed too much money Factories produced more goods than they could sell As people and businesses had problems making money, banks did not get paid for loans “Speculation” in the stock market: paying only a portion of the price of a stock hoping that the value will go up Runs on banks: people were afraid they would lose their money if it was left in the bank laissez-faire: attitude that the economy would fix itself if left alone

Living Through the Depression 1932: 13 million unemployed 9,000 banks closed 31 Georgia banks failed Hoovervilles: named for President Hoover – shacks where homeless people gatheredHoovervilles Soup kitchens set up by charities and governments to feed hungry Schools were often forced to close or shorten schedules Georgians were already suffering from economic problems before Black TuesdayGeorgians A

Easing the Burden President Hoover’s plan: government would buy farmer’s crops to help raise the price Plan did not work, but the food and cotton were used to help the needy Another plan was to hire unemployed people to do work for the government Plan did not employ enough people to really help Click to return to Table of Contents.

Match the term on left w/description on right 1. boll weevil 2.Laissez-Faire 3. Stock speculation 4. Depression A. Investing for profit w/borrowed money B. hands- off economic policy C. Insects that eats cotton plants D. a severe decline in business, stock, employment

The New Deal 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president New Deal: Roosevelt’s plan to end the depression –Examined banks for soundness –Give jobs to unemployed workers –Tried to improve American’s lives Paved the way for recovery though all programs did not work

Georgia and the New Deal NIRA: National Industrial Recovery Act – set minimum wage Textile mill owners did not like the minimum wage Stretch out: mill owners tried to make workers work longer, faster, or more tasks TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority – Blue Ridge Lake, Lake Chatuge, Lake Nottley built CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps – built many parks, sewer systems, bridges, etc. REA: Rural Electrification Authority – brought electric power to rural areas

African Americans During the New Deal Did not benefit from many New Deal programs WPA: Works Public Administration – did employ many African Americans Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet”: influential African Americans working with President Roosevelt: –Mary McLeod Bethune –Clark Foreman –Robert Weaver –William Hastie

Georgia’s New Deal Governors Richard B. Russell –Worked to reorganize state government like a successful business –Elected to U.S. Senate and served for 38 years Eugene Talmadge –Did not like New Deal programs in Georgia Eurith “Ed” Rivers –Worked with Roosevelt to increase New Deal spending in Georgia –Began programs for public housing –Term ended with corruption problems

Georgia’s New Deal Governors Talmadge re-elected in 1940 –Began to use some New Deal programs –Used his power as governor to remove state officials working to integrate Georgia’s state colleges Ellis Arnall –Reformed Board of Regents and state prisons –Removed poll tax –New state constitution Click to return to Table of Contents.

Section 3: The New Deal Define? –New Deal –minimum wage –stretch out –collective bargaining –rural electrification –subsidy –integrate

Section 3: The New Deal Who am I and what is my contribution? –Franklin D. Roosevelt –Richard B. Russell –Ellis Arnall –Eugene Talmadge

SS8H9 The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia's development economically, socially, and politically. a. Describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II; include Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor. b. Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswick shipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson. c. Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians. d. Discuss the ties to Georgia that President Roosevelt had and his impact on the state.

Leading up to WWII Germany is blamed for WWI (affected politically, socially, and economically) Germany can’t build up military Germany, Japan, and Italy create an alliance bka Axis Powers (gain control of Europe and Far East –territory and resources) Germany attacked & gained control of Poland reaction: G. Britain & France declare war on Germany WWII Sept

1939 in GA New Deal programs in effect –Unemployment is less –Prices are stabilizing for agriculture –Rural areas are improving in technology –Banks are reopening/ depositors –Still the US in Depression

Who’s Fighting? Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy Allied Powers G. Britain France Russia China Australia Canada US

By July 1940, Axis Powers control most of Europe (Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark) 1941-Yugoslavia, Greece, & Russia (*the capital of Russia did not fall) 1942 Italy had sights on N. Africa by way of Egypt. British forces forced them back

US & WWII US provided supplies & arms to Great Britain (Lend-Lease Act) US practiced an embargo on Japan Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, ,400 servicemen were killed US fought on 2 fronts: Germany & Italy in Europe and Africa; Japan in Pacific

Late 1942 British & US invade N. Africa and win control in May of 1943 US enact draft (young men must register with selective service) Italian people overthrew dictator (Mussolini) and joined the side of the Allies By fall 1942 Allies gained control of the Pacific Islands June 6, 1944 D-Day (allies landed on Normandy beach)

By early 1945 allies pushed Germany out of France back to Germany Russian army recaptured 4 smaller countries (Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, and Romania) Early April US and British forces meet at the interior of Germany April 30 Hitler committed suicide

Yalta Conference Secret 8 day meeting 1. est United Nations ( peace keeping organization) 2. Soviet union would be offered territory lost in earlier war w/Japan 3. Soviet Union given eastern Poland & Poland would receive part of Germany

4. Germany would be divided into 4 zones. Russia, France, Britain, and US would occupy and govern a zone Japan surrendered on Aug. 15, 1945 after the US bombed Hiroshima & Nagasaki

GA Benefits from wwII Military bases- Ft. Benning-infantry training; Ft. McPherson-induction center 4 newly drafted soldier; Ft. Gillem- transporting Americus and Augusta- German prisoner war camps Lockheed in Marietta- B-29 bomber (bka Bell Bomber Plant)30,000

WWII on society Women have entered workforce; so women are taking more of a leadership/independent role in the family Farmers produce peanuts (oil), vegetables, cotton, and livestock to feed allies & US 1944 yrly farm income was 3x than in 1940

Legislation 1. draft enacted- males 18 yrs. of age must register w/ selected service 2. Tax on income>US treasury 3. Serviceman’s Readjustment Act bka GI Bill-made low cost loans to veterans to buy homes/start a business. Paid tuition & books for college