Discussion of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Collaborative Network: an Overview of Machines and Energy on a National Scale P. Krein, P. Chapman Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2 Introduction CEME Collaborative Network (in order of visits)CEME Collaborative Network (in order of visits) –Purdue University –University of California at Berkeley –Georgia Institute of Technology –University of Wisconsin – Madison –The Ohio State University –Oregon State University Highlights of one or two activities at each schoolHighlights of one or two activities at each school Time for discussion of directions and needsTime for discussion of directions and needs

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 3 Purdue University Electromechanical and systems requirements for more-electric naval vessels.Electromechanical and systems requirements for more-electric naval vessels. –Transform the fleet, not just a ship. –System requirements and vulnerabilities have changed: in the last several major naval incidents, physical damage was limited but system failure was complete. –Must be able to function through first-level damage.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 4 Purdue University Genetic-algorithm-based system-level optimization.Genetic-algorithm-based system-level optimization. –Examples include optimization based on mission requirements. –Optimize operation subject to rational damage scenarios. Ultra-fast simulationUltra-fast simulation –Applying approaches that perform time simulation faster than real time.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 5 University of California at Berkeley Direct electromechanical generation from enginesDirect electromechanical generation from engines –Integrated generator methods for Stirling engine. –The figure of merit for energy conversion is really cost per output joule. Efficiency is less germane. MicroenginesMicroengines –Rotary engine at millimeter scale with integrated generator. –Favorable possibilities relative to batteries and small fuel cells. Robot microactuatorsRobot microactuators

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 6 University of California at Berkeley Interests in PWM modulation processes and noise management.Interests in PWM modulation processes and noise management. Much interaction with industry in areas of analog integrated circuits and integrated power.Much interaction with industry in areas of analog integrated circuits and integrated power.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 7 Georgia Institute of Technology Program size on a par with Illinois (Ga Tech and Illinois are the largest ECE programs).Program size on a par with Illinois (Ga Tech and Illinois are the largest ECE programs). Hosts NEETRAC, a power test facility transferred from Georgia Power.Hosts NEETRAC, a power test facility transferred from Georgia Power. Interaction with mechanical engineering.Interaction with mechanical engineering. New faculty member in analog and power integrated circuits.New faculty member in analog and power integrated circuits.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 8 Georgia Institute of Technology Online diagnostics for machinesOnline diagnostics for machines –Interpret current waveforms for various problems. –Applications include internal failures, bearing condition monitoring, imbalance detection. –Certain classes of problems are hard to distinguish. Various combinations of forward-sequence, backward-sequence, and d-q transformation concepts can help. In smaller machines, bearing failures are the most common failure mechanism.In smaller machines, bearing failures are the most common failure mechanism.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 9 Georgia Institute of Technology Machine design is actively taught.Machine design is actively taught. One example: small generator to optimize power extraction from a reciprocating source.One example: small generator to optimize power extraction from a reciprocating source. Do the extraction directly rather than with (lossy) mechanical linkages for continuous motion.Do the extraction directly rather than with (lossy) mechanical linkages for continuous motion. Global energy challenges: in many areas, 100 W-hr/day would make a substantial impact on living conditions.Global energy challenges: in many areas, 100 W-hr/day would make a substantial impact on living conditions.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 10 University of Wisconsin Strong industry support and industry programs.Strong industry support and industry programs. “Self-sensing” drive technologies in which sensors are integrated with machines or with drive circuits.“Self-sensing” drive technologies in which sensors are integrated with machines or with drive circuits. Very strong experimental activity, including a number of drives at a range of power levels.Very strong experimental activity, including a number of drives at a range of power levels.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 11 University of Wisconsin “Modular machines”“Modular machines” –Discrete pole arrangements that can be assembled in piecewise fashion. –Opportunity to integrate pole-based drives with individual machine poles. –Challenge in dimensional consistency and rigidity. Good interaction between aspects of power systems and aspects or machines and power electronics.Good interaction between aspects of power systems and aspects or machines and power electronics.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 12 The Ohio State University Analysis-based machine design is alive and well. Several industrial projects.Analysis-based machine design is alive and well. Several industrial projects. Example: discrete-pole machine with high pole count for washing machine application.Example: discrete-pole machine with high pole count for washing machine application. Work on dual-rotor machines for flexible applications.Work on dual-rotor machines for flexible applications. Example: concentric machine with one PM rotor and one induction rotor. Provides an electric differential action.Example: concentric machine with one PM rotor and one induction rotor. Provides an electric differential action.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 13 The Ohio State University Ohio State maintains one of very few high voltage labs.Ohio State maintains one of very few high voltage labs. Lab work is directed at dielectrics and insulation, and to a lesser extent at operational issues in power systems.Lab work is directed at dielectrics and insulation, and to a lesser extent at operational issues in power systems.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 14 Oregon State University Strong effort right now in ocean wave energy.Strong effort right now in ocean wave energy. Challenge: convert vertical motion to electricity.Challenge: convert vertical motion to electricity. Direct conversion is needed.Direct conversion is needed. eecs.oregonstate.edu

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 15 Oregon State University Interesting aspect: the political and social efforts associated with licenses and siting.Interesting aspect: the political and social efforts associated with licenses and siting. Even very careful and diligent preparation leads to a long, involved process.Even very careful and diligent preparation leads to a long, involved process. The Oregon Coast has sufficient wave energy potential to more than supply the entire state.The Oregon Coast has sufficient wave energy potential to more than supply the entire state.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 16 Discussion Outside of CEME, much electromechanics work seems to divide into various camps.Outside of CEME, much electromechanics work seems to divide into various camps. Few researchers exploring broad design questions or attempting “apples to apples” technology comparisons.Few researchers exploring broad design questions or attempting “apples to apples” technology comparisons. Design automation and design optimization remain excellent topics for current researchers.Design automation and design optimization remain excellent topics for current researchers.

Grainger Center for Electric Machines and Electromechanics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 17 Discussion Innovations in electromechanics play a dominant role in energy as a whole.Innovations in electromechanics play a dominant role in energy as a whole. –Efficient machines would drop energy requirements substantially. –Broad use of ac drives also yields high impact. –Electric and hybrid vehicles. –Other more-electric systems for ships, aircraft, and many off-road mobile systems.