Cover Crops and Conservation Tillage

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Presentation transcript:

Cover Crops and Conservation Tillage Steve Groff Holtwood, PA www.cedarmeadowfarm.com

Permanent Cover Cropping System Cover Crops Crop rotation Permanent mulch cover Enhancing the Environment

Permanent Cover Cropping System Increased profits Clean water Healthy soil Reduced pesticides Less soil erosion

Why Cover Crops? Why No Till?

“Soil is meant to be covered” -Steve Groff

What can Cover Crops do for you? Manage your water table Soil Armor-protection from rain, sun, and wind Green Tillage- using plants to prepare the soil for seeding

Cover Crop Management Ideas Plant Cover Crops for Erosion Control

Grand Canyon

Cover Crop Mixtures Diversity Guard against failure of one species Biomass Root growth Guard against failure of one species Complementary

Cover Crop Cocktails Above ground diversity is a mirror of below ground diversity Microorganisms are like cattle- they need a balanced diet

Cover Crop Cocktail $20.00 per acre

Cover Crop Biology C/N ratio Insect changes Planting dates Challenges

Hairy Vetch 20-25lbs per acre

Rye 2 bushel per acre

60 lbs rye 20 lbs hairy vetch

Soil Health

Soil is meant to have something living in it at all times

Organic matter 2.7% 1984 5.4% 2007

Cover Crop Biology There is a time to kill Biological pumping: roots bringing up nutrients If you built habitat, they will come- earthworms

34 earthworms in a square yard

Equipment Planter Drill Rolling Stalk Chopper

Rolling Cover Crops There is a time to Kill

No N Applied

Soil test

Manure Management

On Time As soon after harvest as possible Priority Plan

Cerrado Region Brazil

Plan ahead!

Explore Internet Field Days Connect with other farmers Winter Lentils

Field Days

in Lancaster County are now no-tilled Over 50% of Pumpkins in Lancaster County are now no-tilled

Researchers University NRCS Global

Tillage Radish Break up compaction Control winter annuals

32” root

Bio-drilling

March 29

Tillage Radish/Spring Oats

Grain

Grass/Legume

Tillage Radish/Vetch/Rye`

Rye/tillage radish plots

Rye/tillage radish

Tillage Radish/Jerry Oats

Broadcast Seeded

Seeding Rate 10 lbs per Acre Needs 60 lbs of N

Tillage Radish cover crop 2.5 acre demonstration plot Corn Yields (dealer had weigh wagon) No cover crop 180 bu/acre Barley cover crop 193 bu/acre Tillage Radish cover crop 221 bu/acre 41 bushel increase! Dan Magness White Hall, MD 21161

But how much will tillage radishes increase my yields?? University of Maryland research indicates an 8-12 bushel corn yield increase can be expected after planting tillage radishes the previous fall.

“They till the soil and don’t even hurt the earthworms “They till the soil and don’t even hurt the earthworms. Actually, they help the earthworms by giving them something to eat!” -David Groff

“No piece of steel can benefit the soil like roots from a good cover crop” -Steve Groff

Deep Tillage Tools? You decide…

Crop Residue Management Old Method? Older Method?

Monuments of the past!

Permanent Cover Cropping System Steve Groff Cedar Meadow Farm Holtwood, PA steve@cedarmeadowfarm.com www.cedarmeadowfarm.com Enhancing the Environment